CONTENT
- "Sutainability" by Geoengineering!
- Processing CO2 to CH4!
- Cause of earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan!
This article was formerly a chapter in:
The cruel fraud with fine dust! The absurd accusation of motorists by demonizing diesel! Covert economic war!
Closely related and complementary is the following article:
The closed carbon cycle! Underground gasification of coal! CCS & more!
1. "Sustainability" by Geoengineering!
Climate control is just the atmospheric component of geoengineering. The underground applications should not be ignored! Please think along!
By boiling carbon and hydrogen under high pressure and high temperatures!
The applications of the levels are linked! The connecting substances are CO2 and water!
CarbonCapture is the basis for recycling the CO2 into hydrocarbons and subsequently into fuels.
This "ingenious method" is actually "sustainable", because the carbon is pressed back into the underground in the form of CO2, first to expel more crude oil and natural after the rock formations have been hollowed out and broken by nuclear fracking and nearly emptied by hydraulic pressing. At suitable locations and depths, the natural pressure and temperature conditions can boil the CO2 with water without further action in order to form hydrocarbons again.
If for that
- the air was not poisoned,
- the sunlight not abused,
- the underground was not contaminated with radioactivity,
CCS location identified in North Sea
08/06/2013 By Diarmaid Williams
https://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2013/08/ccs-location-identified-in-north-sea.html
08/06/2013 By Diarmaid Williams
https://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2013/08/ccs-location-identified-in-north-sea.html
Carbon Capture & Sequestration Flow Chart
https://www.wri.org/resources/charts-graphs/carbon-capture-sequestration-flow-chart
https://www.wri.org/resources/charts-graphs/carbon-capture-sequestration-flow-chart
Will the long dormant industry finally spring to life? Let’s hope
MICHAEL KANELLOS JANUARY 22, 2010
https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/how-to-make-money-in-carbon-capture#gs.fX_z5iE
https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/how-to-make-money-in-carbon-capture#gs.fX_z5iE
"If oil sold for $50 a barrel (low by the current price), the additional reserves would result in $70 billion in extra revenue, or more than the cost of capturing the carbon. Canada’s government, he added, would garner billions in royalties too."
"Even if you took out the value of the recovered oil, the economic outlook for carbon capture continues to increase ..."
"It takes around $150 to capture and sequester a ton of carbon dioxide. The oil industry will pay almost $110 a ton for carbon dioxide at the well head. That means carbon would cost $40 a ton to sequester. However, the capital and operational costs of sequestration should go down. The cost of sequestering acid rain is half of what it cost back in the late 80s. If the same sort of math applies, carbon should then generate revenue of $35 a ton."
"Exploiting captured carbon dioxide in this manner, however, would lead to more carbon being injected into atmosphere. Proponents assert that fossil fuels will remain a staple of the energy market for decades, so using carbon dioxide in this manner is necessary to meet the world’s voracious and growing demand for energy. Critics, though, argue that coming up with ways to get more oil out of the ground will diminish investment in biofuels."
2. Processing of CO2 to CH4!
The production of fuels by electrolysis of CO2 is technically feasible and this can also be done in the deep underground!
Converting CO2 into usable energy
March 1, 2018, Brookhaven National Laboratory
"Imagine if carbon dioxide (CO2) could easily be converted into usable energy. Every time you breathe or drive a motor vehicle, you would produce a key ingredient for generating fuels. Like photosynthesis in plants, we could turn CO2 into molecules that are essential for day-to-day life. Now, scientists are one step closer."
"Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory are part of a scientific collaboration that has identified a new electrocatalyst that efficiently converts CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO), a highly energetic molecule. Their findings were published on Feb. 1 in Energy & Environmental Science."
"There are many ways to use CO," said Eli Stavitski, a scientist at Brookhaven and an author on the paper. "You can react it with water to produce energy-rich hydrogen gas, or with hydrogen to produce useful chemicals, such as hydrocarbons or alcohols. If there were a sustainable, cost-efficient route to transform CO2 to CO, it would benefit society greatly."
Can We Recycle CO2 Emissions to Make Carbon-Neutral Fuel?
By Edd Gent - Apr 02, 2018
"Turning captured CO2 back into fuels and chemicals rather than burying it underground doesn’t just present a way to monetize what is currently being treated as a waste product. The researchers point out that it could actually help solve the energy storage problem caused by increasing reliance on intermittent renewable sources like solar and wind."
Bill Gates is backing a plan to turn CO2 into fuel
05 Feb 2018 Sophie Hardach
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/02/bill-gates-to-strip-c02-from-air-for-clean-fuel/
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/02/bill-gates-to-strip-c02-from-air-for-clean-fuel/
"Carbon Engineering, a company set up by Gates, physicist David Keith and oil sands magnate Norman Murray Edwards, and its partner, Canadian energy company Greyrock, announced last December that they had made a vital breakthrough. Carbon Engineering had succeeded in using captured CO2 to synthesize a mix of petrol and diesel."
3. Cause of earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan!
Anyone who has once understood that fracking to extract natural gas and crude oil and also the creation of artificial cavities in the underground as CO2 storage is only possible by nuclear explosions, will also know that this is not possible without earthquakes, tsunamis and radioactive contamination. This knowledge sheds a completely different light on the Fukushima disaster!
Here is the shot where during the catastrophe the seawater disappeared into the ocean floor with a giant vortex, as if someone had removed a plug from a drain.
Japan Tsunami 2011 Forms HUGE Whirlpool Sucking In Boat and Debris [Full HD Video]
Mar 11, 2011
Mar 11, 2011
Here are sources about the large-scale collection, storage and processing of CO2 in Japan.
Japan looks to pioneer carbon transport by sea
Government plans to build special ships to help fight climate change
Nikkei staff writers, July 17, 2018 05:15 JST
"A carbon capture facility operated by Canada's Carbon Engineering in British Columbia. Carbon capture and storage is seen as a crucial technology for combating climate change.
TOKYO -- Japan plans to begin testing the transport of captured carbon dioxide by sea, looking to be among the first in the world to commercialize a key technology for battling global warming.
Carbon capture and storage, in which carbon dioxide is recovered and buried underground before it escapes into the atmosphere, is considered Japan's only option for keeping fossil-fuel power plants in operation while meeting its emissions targets under the Paris Agreement on climate change.
While Japan's power plants and other carbon dioxide sources are concentrated along the Pacific Ocean, its best potential storage sites are on the opposite side of the country, along the Sea of Japan. The government sees transporting the greenhouse gas by ship to pipelines leading to sequestration facilities as a promising option for solving this problem.
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry will build carbon dioxide transport vessels over the next few years in partnership with such players as Japan CCS, a venture that counts power providers, oil and gas companies, and trading houses among its 30-plus investors. Funds for the project will be included in the government's fiscal 2019 budget.
The ministry plans to start by shipping carbon dioxide to an experimental storage facility in Hokkaido in order to clarify the challenges involved.
The International Energy Agency estimates that carbon capture would account for 14% of the emissions reductions needed by 2060 to limit the global temperature rise to 2 C. The technology will need to be used not only in power plants, but also by other carbon-heavy industries such as steel and cement.
The world has seen few successful examples of long-distance carbon transport. Tokyo hopes to use this public-private collaboration to resolve safety and cost issues.
If Japan can make speedy progress toward commercializing the technology, "that will let us export it overseas in the future," a senior ministry official said."
Carbon Capture and Storage Activities in JAPAN
Prepared by: Hiroshi Yamagata, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan
"CO2 capture with existing
technology consumes 70-80% of the cost of CO2
sequestration. In this situation, development of
revolutionary CO2 separation membranes that can
greatly reduce the energy requirements and costs
of CO2 separation is the urgent requirements for
CO2 sequestration to progress to practical usage."
"The pilot CO2
injection site is located at the Minami-Nagaoka
gas and oil field, where Teikoku Oil Co. produces
natural gas from the deep reservoir (4700 m).
Figure 1 shows the location of the pilot site and
the simplified geological setting well studied
during oil and gas exploration."
Japan’s unique subsea geological CO2 storage technology
September 2, 2019
https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/features/fsi025.html
"This is a series of articles highlighting some of the research projects at the University of Tokyo registered under its Future Society Initiative (FSI), a framework that brings together ongoing research projects that contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
FSI Project 025
The merit of transporting liquefied CO2 by ship is that coal-fired power plants, steel mills and other such large-scale CO2-emitting sources are usually located by the coast, and it also eliminates the need for construction in coastal areas used heavily for marine transport, fishing and leisure.
Global warming is universally recognized as an urgent issue. The Japanese government aims to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions by 26 percent by 2030, and by 80 percent by 2050. One technology that is expected to help bridge those midterm and long-term goals is the CO2 capture and storage (CCS) project being developed by Professor Toru Sato and team.
...
CCS refers to the technology of capturing CO2 emissions, for example from coal-fired power plants or steel mills, and storing them in a way that does not impact the environment. Liquefying the gaseous CO2 requires compressing it between 500-600 times, then transporting it by ship offshore and storing it in geological strata under the seafloor where it is separated from deep seawater. Project Professor Masahiko Ozaki explained why CO2 is stored under the sea and not on land.
“In countries where energy resources such as oil or natural gas can be extracted, CO2 that has been captured can be returned to the earth, but for countries such as Japan without such resources, there is nowhere to return the CO2, so the exact same technology cannot be applied. Even if we could find such replacement land, obtaining the permission of residents living above that strata is necessary, and due to Japan’s situation, building pipelines underground would incur a huge cost. That is why Japan is using the unique method of subsea geological storage and developing an effective system and environmental impact assessment.”
According to Sato, a proof-of-concept experiment has been carried out offshore from Tomakomai in Hokkaido and methods of detecting whether the CO2 has been safely stored are being verified. Sato and Ozaki’s newly developed technology could be the first step towards an effective strategy to tackle global warming."
CCS refers to the technology of capturing CO2 emissions, for example from coal-fired power plants or steel mills, and storing them in a way that does not impact the environment. Liquefying the gaseous CO2 requires compressing it between 500-600 times, then transporting it by ship offshore and storing it in geological strata under the seafloor where it is separated from deep seawater. Project Professor Masahiko Ozaki explained why CO2 is stored under the sea and not on land.
“In countries where energy resources such as oil or natural gas can be extracted, CO2 that has been captured can be returned to the earth, but for countries such as Japan without such resources, there is nowhere to return the CO2, so the exact same technology cannot be applied. Even if we could find such replacement land, obtaining the permission of residents living above that strata is necessary, and due to Japan’s situation, building pipelines underground would incur a huge cost. That is why Japan is using the unique method of subsea geological storage and developing an effective system and environmental impact assessment.”
According to Sato, a proof-of-concept experiment has been carried out offshore from Tomakomai in Hokkaido and methods of detecting whether the CO2 has been safely stored are being verified. Sato and Ozaki’s newly developed technology could be the first step towards an effective strategy to tackle global warming."
Japan carbon capture site shows promise for industrial use
By Aaron Sheldrick, April 19, 20189:53 AM GMT
"TOMAKOMAI, Japan (Reuters) - A test site in Japan for burying carbon dioxide (CO2) below the seabed off Hokkaido island is showing more promise than other carbon, capture and storage (CCS) projects by cutting costs and increasing efficiency, its developer says.
While the $300 million site at Tomakomai port represents a small portion of the $20 billion invested in CCS, it has potential for easing CO2 emissions from industries such as gas processing and cement and chemical production."
ReutersApril 21, 20221:15 PM GMT
"Japan's industry ministry plans to create a legal framework for carbon capture and storage (CCS) to enable companies to start storing carbon dioxide underground or under the seabed by 2030 to help the nation achieve its 2050 carbon neutral goal.
The ministry estimates Japan will store 120-240 million tonnes of CO2 a year in 2050 ..."
Here are some very important knowledge for understanding the causality of the process! The LNG is not for transition, but one aspects of long term processing of the carbon bearing disposals in the underground to generate Hydrogen & Methane!
Japan selects first seven CCS projects to store 13 mil mt/year CO2 by 2030
13 Jun 2023 | 03:28 UTC, Author: Takeo Kumagai, Editor: Debiprasad Nayak
"The move comes as Japan sees CCS as among the essential means to proceed with the country's decarbonization while ensuring its stable energy supply and using fossil fuels such as LNG.
"As we strive for reducing green house gas emissions by 46% by 2030 and aim for 2050 carbon neutrality, we must ensure stable energy supply and stable electricity supply at the same time," Nishimura said.
"With [the use of ] fossil fuels expected to shrink, we see LNG particularly important as a transition energy in the foreseeable future," he said. "We expect CCS to be placed critically important, along with energy sources such as hydrogen and ammonia."
Japan sees the need of launching CCS businesses by 2030 and increase its CO2 storage volumes by 6 million-12 million mt/year to achieve 2050 carbon neutrality, according to the country's long-term CCS roadmap plan approved Jan. 26.
The government is starting its geological survey from fiscal year 2023-24 (April-March) to find suitable locations for CCS. Japan has previously found reservoirs in 11 locations suitable for storing a total of 16 billion mt of CO2 in the country's earlier surveys.
Japan has already launched its first large-scale CCS pilot project in Tomakomai city in Hokkaido, northern Japan, where it has injected a total of 300,000 mt of CO2 as of November 2019.
Selected projects
Under the latest move June 13, Japan designated five CCS projects in the country, spanning from Hokkaido in the north to Kyushu in the southwest, with two projects abroad in Malaysia and the Oceania.
In Hokkaido, the government chose a CCS business being developed in the Tomakomai area by Japan Petroleum Exploration, Idemitsu Kosan and Hokkaido Electric to store 1.5 million mt/year of CO2 from a refinery and power plant in the area.
The government picked a CCS project in the Japan Sea side of the Tohoku region, developed by Itochu, Itochu Oil Exploration, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Nippon Steel, INPEX, Taisei Corp and Taiheiyo Cement to store 2 million mt/year of CO2 from nationwide including from steel mills, cement plants.
In the east of Niigata, the government selected a CCS project being developed by Japex, Tohoku Electric, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, Hokuetsu Corp. and Nomura Research Institute to store 1.5 million mt/year of COS from chemical plants, paper mills and power plants in Niigata prefecture.
In the greater Tokyo, the government adopted a CCS project being developed by INPEX, Nippon Steel and Kanto Natural Gas Development to store 1 million mt/year of CO2 from various industries including steel mills.
The government also chose the Kyushu offshore north and west for a CCS project being developed by ENEOS, JX Nippon Oil & Gas Exploration and Electric Power Development Co., or J-POWER to store 3 million mt/year of CO2 from refineries and thermal power plants in western Japan.
In the offshore Malay Peninsula, Japan opted for a CCS project being developed by Mitsui to store 2 million mt/year of CO2 from multiple industries including refining in the western and Kyushu regions in Japan.
The government also chose a CCS project being developed by Mitsubishi , Nippon Steel, ExxonMobil Asia Pacific in the Oceania to store 2 million mt/year of CO2 from multiple industries including steel mills in the Chubu region in Japan."
4. 100% evidence of nuclear explosion!
Nature does not concentrate & explode nuclear isotopes and release gamma radiation across layers of rock & earth to illuminate the sky. There is no other source of gamma rays than man made nuclear explosions on Earth.
Earthquake light in Japan.Recently, earthquakes are preceded by the appearance of light, after which the earthquake begins.#Earthquake #Japan pic.twitter.com/BHwxE2Xd2u
— Humanbydesign (@Humanbydesign3) September 12, 2023
'Earthquake light' appears in sky above Japanese city
Guardian News, Mar 16, 2022
A massive earthquake has struck Ishikawa Prefecture, central Japan. A tsunami warning has been issued for Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa prefectures of the Japan Sea side of the country. People in these area must evacuate immediately.https://t.co/bZpiKm8wIN pic.twitter.com/hl9ERDhF8C
— NHK WORLD News (@NHKWORLD_News) January 1, 2024
The currently available public videos show mainly the shaking in buildings. We don't sea the wide open sky and sea. If there are such videos & images available from private people, please send them to me by email: enkidu.gilgamesh@protonmail.com
I will publish them here & in my youtube channel and share with the public.
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