1. The two sided sword.
2. Serving to distract from Troposphere
3. Destroyed by Ionosphere Heaters
4. The major offensive on the Ozonosphere
1. The two sided sword.
Laboriously we will collect like the squirrel and like a worm, bite for bite, we peel ourselves out of the onion.
In my intention to focus on the global scale climate geoengineering, also named "climate control" by the CIA, within the troposphere, I refused to give much attention to the stratosphere. This article is the start to close this gap.
The perpetrators of climate control distract spatially from their active crime on the ozone layer by claiming that CFCs on the surface level would be damaging it.
2. Crime in the stratosphere, distracting from crime in the troposphere
The ozone layer is the lowest part of the stratosphere and is around 20 to 30 km above sea level.
The distraction scheme from troposphere to the stratosphere is manifolded. One of the frauds is about the damage on ozone layer caused by "human activity". Humans are destroying it, but the perpetrators of Climate Geoengineering, not the regular people.
From German: Ozon and ozon hole
https://www.seilnacht.com/Lexikon/Ozon.htm
Asthma-Aerosoles | 1010 tons |
Plastic foams | 6625 tons |
Refrigerant | 8524 tons |
Laboratory use | 213 tons |
Total consumption | 16372 tons |
What are 16,372 against 5,130,000,000,000,000 tons of total air mass?
Das sind 0,0000000003 %!
Under high energy, like from UV rays coming from Sun, the O2 molecules may be split and rearranged as O3 ones.
Ozone easily reacts with other materials. So if a theory about damaging the ozone layer is developed any material could be defined as "dangerous".
From German: 1. The natural ozone balance
1.1 The perpetual new-production of Ozone above the Tropics
https://www.oekorecherche.de/de/1-das-natuerliche-ozongleichgewicht
About ozone in English!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone
Ozone has following properties:
Density of 2,144 kg·m−3 (0 °C)
All about ozone layer damage by CFC molecules is dumb fear mongering!
Let us consider Chlorodifluoromethane or difluoromonochloromethane a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC).
Comparing the molar mass:
HCFC - 86.47 g/mol
CO2 - 44.01 g/mol.
H2O - 18,01528 g/mol.
Comparing the density:
HCFC - 3.66 kg/m³
CO2 - 1.977 kg/m³
H2O - 0,6 kg/m³
Density of molecules!
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html
Chlorodifluoromethane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorodifluoromethane
So You see this material is very heavy. If the light H2O remains within the Troposphere and is unable to rise into the Stratosphere and CO2 remains near the surface, how should the CFC rise up to the ozone layer?
Consider that about 80% of air mass and 99% of all atmospheric water exists only in the troposphere.
The scam about ozone layer served and serves as a fear mongering tool and is part of the ClimateControl scam! The scheme distracts from the real crime conducted within the stratosphere and troposphere!
It is not a coincidence that one of the top Climatism priests, Paul J. Crutzen, was serving as science actor to publish about dangers for stratosphere!
From German: Ozone has a 220 year history.
http://www.biokurs.de/treibhaus/treibhg2.htm
"1971: Detection of catalytic ozone destruction by nitrogen oxides (NOx) by Paul J Crutzen (meteorologist) by analyzing the impact of exhaust gases of hyper sound air planes in the atmosphere."
"He also realized that other materials like chlorine, bromine, and natrium could destroy ozone, but did not consider them as important, because for them no natural sources were known in those times."
Ralf is talking about clouds, which only exist within the troposphere. The molecules are ionized by high frequency radiation. The ionosphere which is part of the stratosphere is extended down to the troposphere. So using the notion "ionosphere" is based on the practical results of HAARP application.
Ralf Zerbe New Insights...
"These are the frequencies, which have to be run in a row, to "drive" the clouds.
Everyone and everything in nature has a frequency and 1.45 MHz is the natural frequency of the Ionosphere. This frequency is known the zyklotron or gyroscopic frequency because of the gyro-movement of the electron, if they move forward in spiral shape, instead of turning around magnetic field lines."
"As the ionosphere is near the gyroscopic frequency, it is very sensitive for AM Broadcast (520MHz - 1.610MHz). When we transmit radio waves at gyro-frequency range, this electromagnetic energy is transferred into the ionosphere, which stimulates the gyroscopic movement of the electrons and results in the spreading of plasma waves onto the magnetic field lines of the Earth, which lead to the North Pole."
"The transmit- / plasma-wave-energy (-) flows along the wave duct and intensifies itself, when it comes near to the polar circle area, w"Broadcast television uses a frequency, which suppresses the ionic acoustic turbulences, wich disturb the way of the gyro-energy. This buffers the gyro-energy and mitigates partly the release of electrons ozone depletion process."
"All this gyro-energie consumes our ozone ... our most important resource to protect from the Sun.
Now, if You take the wave fan, look into this graphic, there are points of intersection, which exactly accord with the location of HAARP facilities."
"The direction and drive of the electronic streams is striking, which have a direction of south to north-east. It is comparable with the roundup of a herd to compel them into a dedicated direction. This is the reason why it is warm and hot in the south and cold and wet in the north. The temperatures in this week were despite the sunshine about 18°C, while the south claimed about heat and drought."
4. The major offensive on the Ozonosphere
I peel the next skin of the onion!
They made research on CFOs and other materials and bring them into the stratosphere, to drop out the ozone from there and let the intensive radiation reach the surface of the Earth without filtering impediment!
SpaceX Falcon 9 Iridum 4 Launch 12/22/2017
They use ionospheric radiators to carve out icebergs, glaciers and evaporate more water all over the Earth, particularly lift up more water from the oceans into the troposphere and sell it on the "global water market".
In parallel they get the ultimate global weapon by combining the complex of radiation extreme rain, hail and lightning!
They don't lie about all that, but announce it on all channels!
Recognize, the ugly, ruthless scum settles in HARVARD!
THIS IS THE GRIMACE EVIL!
Aerosols to protect Earth from global warming will be sprayed into the stratosphere NEXT YEAR, but scientists warn the results could be 'catastrophic'
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4404212/Harvard-scientists-test-atmosphere-protecting-aerosols.html
"
- Experts will test the feasibility of 'solar geoengineering' to stop global warming
- Material will be pumped into the stratosphere to reflect the sun's rays
- Researchers will test a range of materials that could be used at scale in future
- But scientists have warned of the potential 'catastrophic' consequences"
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2017/04/12/09/3F2CFD5000000578-4404212-image-a-2_1491984794685.jpg |
Harvard Scientists Say It's Time to Think About Engineering the Climate
BRIAN MERCHANT Nov 21 2014, 5:30pm
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/pgaq57/harvard-calls-for-geoengineering-experiments
Is This Plan to Combat Climate Change Insane or Insanely Genius?
Harvard physicist David Keith wants to use two jets and one million tons of sulfur dioxide a year to halt global warming
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/is-this-plan-combat-climate-change-insane-insanely-genius-180955258/
One of the mythological monsters is fully engaged! Realize this mug! This is the grimace of a dumb ruthless criminal!
BREAKING HARVARD SCIENTISTS ANNOUNCE BILL GATES FUNDED CHEMTRAIL PLAN
By Rohan Sharma -March 30, 2017
http://www.pagalparrot.com/harvard-scientists-announce-bill-gates-funded-chemtrail-plan.html
http://www.pagalparrot.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/bb7e9d31a031df33b7eee26e478e7b1e-768x576.jpg |
Look, this is the perspective of the climate criminals with their satellites, radar systems and sensors of the atmosphere. It is like a mountain bearing an enormous treasure, which they are already mining!
Climate Change Erodes the Ozone Layer
http://www.thegreenmarketoracle.com/2012/08/climate-change-erodes-ozone-layer.html
Harvard Scientists Plan World's Largest Geoengineering Study
Apr 03, 2017 11:33 AM EDTBy Mark Spencer, UniversityHerald Reporter
http://www.universityherald.com/articles/71541/20170403/harvard-scientists-plans-worlds-largest-geoengineering-study.htm
"A pair of climate scientists from Harvard plans to undertake an ambitious $20 million project to seed the atmosphere with aerosols to simulate the atmospheric cooling effects of a volcanic eruption, touted as the world's largest solar geoengineering program that will officially launch within a few weeks."
Harvard scientists identify aerosol that can cool the planet and repair the ozone layer at the same time
By tech2 News Staff / 13 Dec 2016 , 13:47
http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/harvard-scientists-identify-aerosol-that-can-cool-the-planet-and-repair-the-ozone-layer-352568.html
Mitigating the risk of geoengineering
Aerosols could cool the planet without ozone damage
By Leah Burrows December 12, 2016
https://www.seas.harvard.edu/news/2016/12/mitigating-risk-of-geoengineering
“Anytime you introduce even initially unreactive surfaces into the stratosphere, you get reactions that ultimately result in ozone destruction as they are coated with sulfuric acid,” said Keutsch. “Instead of trying to minimize the reactivity of the aerosol, we wanted a material that is highly reactive but in a way that would avoid ozone destruction.”
Don't we already experience all that?
Changing water cycle, which results in drought, storms, flooding, wars and mass migration?
Dammed! We are in the midst of the lunacy!
Scientists launch solar geoengineering study
MENAFN - Gulf Times - 24/03/2017
http://menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095341178&title=Scientists-launch-solar-geoengineering-study
"Kevin Trenberth, a lead author for the UN's intergovernmental panel on climate change, said that despair at sluggish climate action, and the rise of Donald Trump were feeding the current tech trend.
'But solar geoengineering is not the answer, he said. 'Cutting incoming solar radiation affects the weather and hydrological cycle. It promotes drought. It destabilises things and could cause wars. The side effects are many and our models are just not good enough to predict the outcomes.
Natural alterations to the earth's radiation balance can be short-lasting, but terrifying."
NASA scientists: A strange thing is happening in the stratosphere
BY KAREN GRAHAM SEP 4, 2016 IN SCIENCE
http://www.digitaljournal.com/tech-and-science/science/nasa-scientists-a-strange-thing-is-happening-in-the-stratosphere/article/474032
"For 60 years, scientists have watched the wind circulation patterns in the stratosphere, that stretch of the atmosphere that extends about 10 to 30 miles above the Earth. And in all that time, they have remained the same, that is, until late in 2015."
"The wind circulation pattern is called the "quasi-biennial oscillation" or QBO. NASA scientists have been observing it since 1953, and it did not appear to have any impact on weather or climate as we experience it on the Earth's surface."
"The QBO's wind circulation is a recurring pattern that takes place every 28 months, miles above the Earth's surface. And this almost clock-like recurring pattern has had scientists wondering what would happen if it suddenly changed. What would it mean, and what effects would it have?"
"The quasi-biennial oscillation is the stratosphere's Old Faithful," said Paul Newman, Chief Scientist for Earth Sciences at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, according to Science News Online. "If Old Faithful stopped for a day, you'd begin to wonder about what was happening under the ground."
"They found that the oscillation effect has an impact on the ozone levels in the polar regions. We know, too, that large volcanic eruptions or meteorite impacts can fling particles up into the stratosphere where they may linger for months, affecting the Earth's global climate."
The capital crime has already been committed, now they look for an idiot patsy, who should take the blame!
The Stratosphere Did Something Weird, and We Don't Know Why
Did humans break the stratosphere?
https://www.inverse.com/article/20626-quasi-biennial-oscillation-stratosphere-climate-change
Scientists Baffled by Strange Disruption of Wind Pattern in Earth's Stratosphere
By John Raphael Sep 05, 2016 04:22 AM EDT
http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/28143/20160905/scientists-baffled-disruption-wind-pattern-earths-stratosphere.htm
Remember, after extensive research in the 1940s and 1950s, the climate control begins officially under the leadership of the CIA in 1960!
Sudden change in Stratospheric wind patterns for the first time in 60 years: NASA
Scientists at the NASA have been observing steadily circulating wind pattern in the tropical stratosphere for six decades. The earth's surface and the pattern remained same till 2015.
http://www.newsnation.in/article/145021-change-in-stratospheric-wind-patterns-for-first-time-in-60-years-says-nasa-scientists.html
Where is anything about he impact of the HAARP facilities spread all over the world?
Weren't they built to blow up the ionosphere and let the magnetic field of the Earth be shaken punctually!
NASA: Space Weather And Radiation Bubble Are Linked To Human Activity
05/19/2017 10:16 pm ET | Updated May 27, 2017
Cold War high-altitude nuclear explosions resulted in extra radiation close to Earth. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/space-weather-radiation-bubble-earth_us_591f6c82e4b03b485cb1a32f
For now we have only one hero, who can use the support of same minded and finish the ugly game of the crime gang!
http://1ufg01lfk6734m1zh4czkad5.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Putin-Obama-758x509.png |
Is the ozone layer capable of restoring/repairing itself?
Sure it can. Ozone is O3 which is build naturally. What they do is to drop the oxygen from stratosphere. But when they stop trashing the stratosphere, the same rate of oxygen will diffuse upwards from troposphere to the stratosphere and build O3 molecules again.
The reverse reading of the following article shows that they are already spraying dichloromethane to reduce the ozone layer and propagandist tune in the humanint reproach it for producing too much of it. They need the unfiltered radiation in order to operate the climate control even more efficiently.
„Diese Substanz hatten wir bislang nicht auf dem Radar“
["We did not have his substance on our radar"]Von Walter Willems | Stand: 27.06.2017
https://www.welt.de/wissenschaft/article165985513/Diese-Substanz-hatten-wir-bislang-nicht-auf-dem-Radar.html
Dichchloromethane!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloromethane
Molar mass: 84,93 g·mol−1
Appearance: fluid
Density: 1,33 g/cm³
Boiling point: 39,6 °C
Formula: CH2Cl2
Refractive index: 1,4242 (20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 470 hPa (20 °C)[1]
Other names: Methylene chloride, Methylenechloride, methylene dichloride, Solmethine, Narkotil, Solaesthin, Di-clo, Refrigerant-30 Freon-30, R-30, DCM, UN 1593, MDC
Plasma Physics: Method and apparatus for triggering a substantial change in earth characteristics and measuring earth changes / Patent 4042196
Posted on June 27, 2016 by Susan Ferguson
http://metaphysicalmusing.com/blog/2016/06/27/method-and-apparatus-for-triggering-a-substantial-change-in-earth-characteristics-and-measuring-earth-changes-patent-4042196/
"I [the inventor of the patent] have earlier pointed out that cold plasma (low energy ionized gas) injection from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere could produce enhanced whistler-mode turbulence and associated precipitation of energetic electrons."
Sulfur dioxide in Venus' atmosphere could be key to fighting global warming on Earth
November 16, 2010
https://phys.org/news/2010-11-sulfur-dioxide-venus-atmosphere-key.html
Look the asshole Crutzen pops up again!
"They propose a new mechanism to explain this unexpected result. SO2 is of particular interest to them since this gas could be used to cool down the Earth via a geo-engineering process put forward by Chemistry Nobel Laureate Paul Crutzen."
Assholes have no ethics!
"Although we are not technically or ethically prepared to undertake this type of operation, known as geo-engineering, we might be forced to do so in 20 or 30 years' time if global warming becomes unbearable. From this viewpoint, it is necessary to study the effects that releasing the SO2 would have, and consider all potential reaction chains. Understanding the reactions that take place in Venus's atmosphere will help us to do so."
Scientists dim sunlight, suck up carbon dioxide to cool planet
JULY 26, 2017 / 8:07 AM / 42 MINUTES AGO
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-geoengineering-idUSKBN1AB0J3
"OSLO (Reuters) - Scientists are sucking carbon dioxide from the air with giant fans and preparing to release chemicals from a balloon to dim the sun's rays as part of a climate engineering push to cool the planet."
"In the countryside near Zurich, Swiss company Climeworks began to suck greenhouse gases from thin air in May with giant fans and filters in a $23 million project that it calls the world's first "commercial carbon dioxide capture plant"."
"Worldwide, "direct air capture" research by a handful of companies such as Climeworks has gained tens of millions of dollars in recent years from sources including governments, Microsoft founder Bill Gates and the European Space Agency."
"Climeworks reckons it now costs about $600 to extract a tonne of carbon dioxide from the air and the plant's full capacity due by the end of 2017 is only 900 tonnes a year. That's equivalent to the annual emissions of only 45 Americans."
"And Climeworks sells the gas, at a loss, to nearby greenhouses as a fertilizer to grow tomatoes and cucumbers and has a partnership with carmaker Audi, which hopes to use carbon in greener fuels."
"Jan Wurzbacher, director and founder of Climeworks, says the company has planet-altering ambitions by cutting costs to about $100 a tonne and capturing one percent of global man-made carbon emissions a year by 2025."
""Since the Paris Agreement, the business substantially changed," he said, with a shift in investor and shareholder interest away from industrial uses of carbon to curbing climate change."
"But penalties for factories, power plants and cars to emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere are low or non-existent. It costs 5 euros ($5.82) a tonne in the European Union."
"And isolating carbon dioxide is complex because the gas makes up just 0.04 percent of the air. Pure carbon dioxide delivered by trucks, for use in greenhouses or to make drinks fizzy, costs up to about $300 a tonne in Switzerland."
"Other companies involved in direct air capture include Carbon Engineering in Canada, Global Thermostat in the United States and Skytree in the Netherlands, a spinoff of the European Space Agency originally set up to find ways to filter out carbon dioxide breathed out by astronauts in spacecrafts."
"Some research has suggested that geo-engineering with sun-dimming chemicals, for instance, could affect global weather patterns and disrupt vital Monsoons."
Criminal scientiputas are fed by mythological monsters to test global scale depopulation!
US scientists launch world's biggest solar geoengineering study
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/mar/24/us-scientists-launch-worlds-biggest-solar-geoengineering-study
How can anything be "safely simulated" in free air?
"The $20m (£16m) Harvard University project will launch within weeks and aims to establish whether the technology can safely simulate the atmospheric cooling effects of a volcanic eruption, if a last ditch bid to halt climate change is one day needed."
Brainkill from air with aluminium!!!
"Scientists hope to complete two small-scale dispersals of first water and then calcium carbonate particles by 2022. Future tests could involve seeding the sky with aluminium oxide – or even diamonds."
Most dangerous would be the fitting description! Here again, the truth is always the opposite of the lie! Comprehensibility is only about how to kill the life on Earth!
"“This is not the first or the only university study,” said Gernot Wagner, the project’s co-founder, “but it is most certainly the largest, and the most comprehensive.”"
Money driven dumbification center would be the accurate naming for this fake university! Harvard the the central brothel of global pervert psychopaths.
"Janos Pasztor, Ban Ki-moon’s assistant climate chief at the UN who now leads a geoengineering governance initiative, said that the Harvard scientists would only disperse minimal amounts of compounds in their tests, under strict university controls."
That means the practical implementation of the next escalation level of global genocide!
"The real issue here is something much more challenging,” he said “What does moving experimentation from the lab into the atmosphere mean for the overall path towards eventual deployment?”"
"But the Harvard team, in a promotional video for the project, suggest a redirection of one percent of current climate mitigation funds to geoengineering research, and argue that the planet could be covered with a solar shield for as little as $10bn a year."
If Donald Trump really wants to save America and the World from this criminal psychopathic perverts, now is the moment to take them out! The assholes are desperate and now hastening to implement their agenda. In all other fronts their crime empire is losing ground!
"Kevin Trenberth, a lead author for the UN’s intergovernmental panel on climate change, said that despair at sluggish climate action, and the rise of Donald Trump were feeding the current tech trend."
Dear reader, be clear that Mount Pinatubo did not blow its dust into the Stratosphere, but up to about 7km altitude, which is lower middle troposphere in equatorial area, where its border is at about 18km. It never reached the Stratosphere, did not spray aluminium-oxide or any other deadly trash! The same applies also to Mount Tambora.
"Natural alterations to the earth’s radiation balance can be short-lasting, but terrifying. A 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption lowered global temperatures by 0.5C, while the Mount Tambora eruption in 1815 triggered Europe’s ‘year without a summer’, bringing crop failure, famine and disease."
Stratosphere is hotter than the troposphere, because it has no cooling water! Water remains within the troposphere. Even claim of "heating the stratosphere" is an idiotic statement, but it is another lie, whose opposite is the truth, because with water it would cool! The "domino effect" is already working. The take out of ozone from stratosphere will escalate the mass death on Earth by climate engineering.
"“If you put heat into the stratosphere, it may change how much water gets transported from the troposphere to the stratosphere, and the question is how much are you [creating] a domino effect with all kinds of consequences? What we can do to quantify this is to start with lab studies and try to understand the relevant properties of these aerosols.”"
The desublimation and aerozolation only occurs within the troposphere, because about 80% of all air mass 99% of all atmospheric water exists only here. The stratosphere consists of very thin air. Even if they would disperse some water in the Stratosphere, it would not nucleate to persistent ice, but would sublimate and disappear very fast. The only reason they want bring the chemicals into the stratosphere is o take out the ozone to reduce the filtering of sunlight.
"Stratospheric controlled perturbation experiments (SCoPEX) are seen as “critical” to this process and the first is planned to spray water molecules into the stratosphere to create a 1km long and 100m wide icy plume, which can be studied by a manoeuvrable flight balloon."
Question Yourself! Why is this extremely ugly mythological monster always ready to pay, when a depopulation scheme is to be implemented? His face reveals his monstrous character!
"Bill Gates and other foundations are substantially funding the project, and aerospace companies are thought to be taking a business interest in the technology’s potential."
Money for happy brothel parties is guaranteed for all pervert henchmen. All these assholes will be dumped, when they are not of need any more. The traitors are not appreciated by the profiteers of treason!
"The programmme’s launch will follow a major conference involving more than 100 scientists, which begins in Washington DC today."
In the following suggestive brainwashing article of NASA, You would decode everything by replacing the notion "climate change" with "climate control".
Strange Clouds at the Edge of Space
https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/25aug_nlc
"Scientists of the 19th century figured the clouds were some curious manifestation of volcanic ash. Yet long after Krakatoa's ash settled, NLCs remained."
""It's a puzzle," says Thomas. "Noctilucent clouds have not only persisted, but also spread." In the beginning, the clouds were confined to latitudes above 50o; you had to go to places like Scandinavia, Siberia and Scotland to see them. In recent years, however, they have been sighted from mid-latitudes such as Colorado, Utah and OregonThe genesis and spread of these clouds is an ongoing mystery. Could they be signs of climate change? "The first sightings do coincide with the Industrial Revolution," notes Thomas. "But the connection is controversial.""
"Why did NLCs first appear in the 19th century?
Why are they spreading?
What is ice doing in a rarefied layer of Earth's upper atmosphere that is one hundred million times dryer than air from the Sahara desert?"
Valuable knowledge about LIDAR:
Das RMR-Lidar in Kühlungsborn
https://www.iap-kborn.de/rmr-lidar-kborn/
"The IAP's Rayleigh-Mie-Raman Lidar (RMR-Lidar) is a multi-wavelength lidar that is used to measure temperatures and aerosol parameters in the atmosphere. The first RMR lidar was in operation from 1997 to 2013 and measured the following parameters:
- Temperatures from 1 to approx. 90 km altitude at night
- Noctilucent clouds (NLC) at night
- Tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols by day and night
- Temperatures from 40 to 90 km altitude at night and up to 75 km altitude during the day
- NLC day and night
- Stratospheric aerosols up to approx. 40 km altitude at night
The broadcast branch
The polar vortex: coming out of hibernation
By Laura Ciasto AND Amy Butler, Published December 4, 2024
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/polar-vortex/polar-vortex-coming-out-hibernation
Even though the stratosphere tends to hibernate during the summer months in the absence of the polar vortex, that doesn’t mean it’s entirely quiet. In fact, the overly active season last winter/spring may have made it hard for some features of the stratosphere to completely settle down over the summer. The increased wave activity through the winter and spring that helped drive two major sudden stratospheric warmings did more than just weaken the stratospheric winds. According to Newman et al (2024), it also may have increased the transport of stratospheric ozone from the middle latitudes to the polar region [footnote 4]. As a result, the March 2024 total column ozone levels in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere were the highest since 1979 (14.5% higher than average values over 1979-2023)."
"Total column ozone during March for the last three years. The darker colors show where ozone concentrations are highest and the lighter colors are where concentrations are lower. A comparison between these three years demonstrates how much more ozone was present in the spring of 2024. In fact, March 2024 experienced some of the stratospheric highest ozone levels since the late 1970s. The grey shading indicates regions where there is no data recorded due to lack of sunlight. NOAA Climate.gov image using data obtained from NOAA’s OMPS NOAA-20 satellite.
Even after the polar vortex wound down for the summer, these abnormally high ozone values persisted. Ozone absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, so it’s possible that this persistent high ozone in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere contributed to above-normal temperatures that were observed there throughout the summer. It’s not clear whether this persistent Arctic ozone anomaly had any impact on the warmer than normal Arctic surface temperatures over the summer, but we have noticed that the fall formation of the polar vortex has been a bit different this year."
"The record ozone levels continued throughout the summer months. The average June-August polar cap ozone in 2024 was the highest recorded since 1979. Note that 1995 has no data. The data in 1993 and 1996 were limited and considered missing. NOAA climate.gov image using data from NASA Ozone Watch."
The Arctic’s First Ozone Hole
By Rebecca Lindsey Reviewed By Deke Arndt AND Jessica Blunden, Published July 10, 2012
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/arctic%E2%80%99s-first-ozone-hole
"Check the fine print on many cans of hairspray or shaving cream these days, and you’ll probably find a reassurance that the product you are holding contains “No CFCs or chemicals known to harm the ozone layer.” Located in the stratosphere, the ozone layer protects life on Earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. To stop ozone destruction, chemical manufacturers phased out the production of CFCs (short for chlorofluorocarbons) over the past two decades."
"Concentrations of ozone-depleting gases in the stratosphere have declined in recent decades. NOAA indexes each year’s gas concentration relative to the peak concentration of harmful gases (100) and the baseline concentration of 1980 (0). Graph based on data provided by Stephen Montzka, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division.
So why is it that this past spring, scientists observed the largest, most severe ozone destruction ever witnessed in the Arctic since records began in 1978? In part, it’s because CFCs stick around in the atmosphere for a very long time. But the maps below reveal the main reason this winter’s Arctic ozone loss was so much worse than it normally is: unusually persistent cold temperatures"
"Difference from average temperature (1978-2011) in the Arctic stratosphere from January–March 2011. Maps by Dan Pisut, NOAA Environmental Visualization Laboratory, based on data from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on the NOAA POES satellite, compared to inter-calibrated data from similar sensors flown on satellites since 1978. Larger maps: January 2011 | February 2011 | March 2011
What does the cold have to do with the ozone hole? Extreme cold allows clouds to form in the stratosphere, even though the air there is extremely dry. The clouds make rare chemical reactions possible. Normally, when CFCs break down, the chlorine they release gets incorporated into very stable molecules that don’t react with ozone. But on the surface of particles in these unusual stratospheric clouds, the stable molecules are converted into forms of chlorine that are much more reactive."
"As colorful as any aurora, iridescent polar stratospheric clouds glitter in the low light of the spring sunrise at McMurdo Station in Antarctica in late August or early September 2003. Photo courtesy Seth White, UNAVCO.
In general, the colder the stratosphere is over the winter, the more of the reactive, ozone-destroying chemicals that build up. The return of the Sun to the polar regions in the spring triggers the ozone-destroying reactions. As the temperatures begin to warm up, fewer stratospheric clouds form, and so the creation of ozone-destroying forms of chlorine slows. The ozone loss bottoms out for the season, and the ozone layer gradually regenerates over the summer. (Ozone naturally forms when oxygen is exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.)
In the Antarctic, winter temperatures in the stratosphere are persistently cold enough to create polar stratospheric clouds—and a large, severe ozone hole—every year. In the Arctic, however, ozone loss has generally been much more limited, so much so that scientists usually don’t even refer to the annual winter dip as a “hole.”
But in 2011, scientists observed a startling change: the amount of ozone in the Arctic stratosphere declined to surprisingly low levels—severe enough that scientists described it as an ozone hole. Within the hole, more than 80 percent of the ozone between 18 and 20 kilometers altitude had been destroyed by the end of winter, according to an analysis of the event by an international team of scientists."
"As temperatures in the Arctic stratosphere plummeted between January and March 2011, ozone concentrations fell. By March, a large area had ozone concentrations far below the threshold of 220 dobson units (dark blue) that scientists have traditionally used for mapping the extent of the ozone hole in the Southern Hemisphere. Map by Dan Pisut, NOAA Environmental Visualization Lab, based on NOAA TOAST data. Larger maps: January 2011 | February 2011 | March 2011
The persistently cold temperatures were linked to the strength of the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex, a high-altitude cyclone of very cold air and swirling winds. The circling winds formed a barrier that prevented Arctic air (and the ozone-depleting gases) from escaping the region. A vortex forms in both polar regions each winter season, but the vortex that encircled the North Pole region during the 2010-2011 winter was the strongest polar vortex seen in either hemisphere in the last thirty years.
The scientists aren’t sure why the cold temperatures lasted so long in 2011, and they cannot yet predict if or when Arctic ozone holes will occur in the future. Rising greenhouse gas concentrations are warming the lower atmosphere, but they are cooling the stratosphere. The cooling trend raises the possibility of more frequent or severe Arctic ozone holes in the future.
More Arctic ozone holes could pose health concerns. The Arctic and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are far more populated than the Antarctic, so Arctic ozone holes have the potential to expose more people to harmful UV radiation."
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