- Entry
- Gaddafi's water!
- Learning from a Libyan!
- Little more history about oil!
- The "Global Shale Gas Initiative" of Killary Monster!
- Race on Libyan oil and gas after Gaddafi!
- Bad Gaddafi Dynasty!
- Conclusions
- Further reading
1. Entry
I wrote about that in many comments and also in the article about fracking colonialism, but within the global expansion of shale gas and oil industry Libya deserves a specific attention. This article collects available knowledge to find the causal dependencies which lead to the destruction of statehood of Libya and the killing of Muammar Gaddafi.
Why did the honeymoon of Gaddafi's Libya with the USA & EU turn into a nightmare of death and destruction?
One important reason was, that Hitlery Killary Clinton selected Libya as an easy win to propagate her own nomination for the coming presidential election. As usual, Killary marks her territory with dead corpses, bloodshed and abuse. So the result could be predicted from the moment she touched Libya.
It should also not be ignored that after the 2007/2008 financial meltdown, the US-administration was desperately looking for an outcome. The only solution against a bursting finance bubble is to blow up a much bigger one. Since the installation of the FED-Dollar system, the blowing up of bigger bubbles is the only occupation of the system owners. The shale gas and oil bubble is just another one in the row.
Killary Monser is tasting its victims before eating them! April 2009!
Mutassim Gaddafi meets Hillary Clinton at Washington
Clinton on Gaddafi: "We came, we saw, he died ..."
Secret World of US Election: Julian Assange talks to John Pilger (FULL INTERVIEW)
Connected with that is the intention to steal the accumulated amount of about 140 tons of gold and grab more than 100 billions of Dollars, parked abroad by Libyan rulers.
"What happened to Libya's gold?" At minute 10:20!
Original source of the Report about the stolen Gold of Libya:
What Happened to Libya's Gold? - Q4C #036
Corbett • 06/26/2017
https://www.corbettreport.com/what-happened-to-libyas-gold-q4c-036/
What Happened to Libya's Gold? - Q4C #036
Corbett • 06/26/2017
https://www.corbettreport.com/what-happened-to-libyas-gold-q4c-036/
Other claims, like Muammar Gaddafi would build an alternative global currency, the so called Gold-Dinar, are more than ridiculous, because small Libya with about 5 million population and a comparably low production of oil and gas, was never able to pose a real threat for the Petrodollar system.
Hillary Emails Reveal NATO Killed Gaddafi to Stop Libyan Creation of Gold-Backed Currency
By Sheep Media, Global Research, November 04, 2018, Sheep Media 13 June 2017
"The email in question was sent to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton by her unofficial adviser Sydney Blumenthal titled “France’s client and Qaddafi’s gold”.
From Foreign Policy Journal:
The email identifies French President Nicholas Sarkozy as leading the attack on Libya with five specific purposes in mind: to obtain Libyan oil, ensure French influence in the region, increase Sarkozy’s reputation domestically, assert French military power, and to prevent Gaddafi’s influence in what is considered “Francophone Africa.”
Most astounding is the lengthy section delineating the huge threat that Gaddafi’s gold and silver reserves, estimated at “143 tons of gold, and a similar amount in silver,” posed to the French franc (CFA) circulating as a prime African currency."
2. Gaddafi's water!
Muammar Gaddafi was building a huge network of water pipelines to create a desert farming sector to diversify the industry of Libya and to offer more jobs to its population.
Muammar Gaddafi was building a huge network of water pipelines to create a desert farming sector to diversify the industry of Libya and to offer more jobs to its population.
How Rivers Were Built In Libya Right Under The Sahara. Gaddafi's Unbelievable Project
Aug 11, 2021
At the same time Saudi Arabia had already build big fracking and desert farming industries.
Saudi Arabia: Hail Agricultural Development Company
The precipitation levels were growing yearly. They calculated with secured water supply for these developments and also prepared the according infrastructure of dams and water pipelines! The "Great Man-Made River" was not an original idea of Muammar Gaddafi's administration and it was very small, compared to the Saudi and neighboring infrastructure.
Here is an example from Oman:
مشاهد جوية #سلطنة_عمان ، محافظة #مسقط، ولاية #قريات(سد #وادي_ضيقة) 2019/4/30مDid he really believe that this water had remained from the "former ice ages"?
تصوير : سلطان المقبالي @sul1991tan pic.twitter.com/jkRZzsS00n
— الخيمة العُمانية🇴🇲 (@WeatherOmanya) May 1, 2019
Did he really believe that he would be the creator of the "Great Man-Made River"?
Wasn't he aware that US-corporations were controlling "atmospheric rivers" since the 1960s and were globally managing wind-water streams since the 1990s?
Didn't he know anything about Geophysical Warfare?
An 'Atmospheric River' Is About To Hit The West Coast
The Great Man-Made River of Gaddafi: What Happened To It?
By Anon.Dos - May 31, 2016
https://anonhq.com/investigative-great-man-made-river-gaddafi-happened/
Another source with many images: GREAT GADDAFI MAN-MADE RIVER
https://www.orwelltoday.com/librivermanmadegaddafi.shtml
Obviously he was tapping the much bigger man made river of the Climate Geoengineering Industry of the USA! I am sure he knew what he did and this was part of the business agreement!
Snow and rain are definitely not from the water reserves under the desert but brought by measures of Climate Control!
Raw Video: Rare Snowfall in Libya
Feb 7, 2012
Feb 7, 2012
Feb 5, 2012
Sep 19, 2020
3. Learning from a Libyan!
I want to use a Libyan voice, by quoting from the doctorate study of the petroleum engineer Biltayib. M. Biltayib, 06. 01. 2006, at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg. The work contains a lot of good historic background, but I quote only a limited portion of that. Please download the paper for further reading. The quotes are in between quotation marks and in italic. I comment between the quote paragraphs!
Oil production in Libya using an ISO 14001 environmental management system
http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/2186/GeotechnikBergbauBiltayibBiltayib_M092545.pdf
"Since 1999, Libya has been transformed by aligning itself according to the requirements and expectations of the industrial nations of the world and has, therefore, in this process of transformation, already become one of the competitive nations in the petroleum sector."
This "incorporation of legal concerns" is just the act of submission! to the neo-colonialism, global-corporatism and neo-feodalism. Libya was selling the soul of all its citizens by that. "climate" and "bio" are code words of acceptance of serfdom! Minds are controlled by words!
"The change of Libyan economic policy towards open markets and the signing of many international agreements incorporating legal concerns related to biodiversity, climate change, endangered species, hazardous wastes, marine dumping, and ozone layer protection in their system. This has subsequently enabled the Libyan petroleum industry to make efforts to set up some basic procedures to improve environmental performance."
"In the first decades of its existence, from the middle of the 19th century to the early 20th century, the oil industry developed mainly in the United States and Russia."
"According to the prospects identified at the World Energy Conference in 1999, world energy demand, rising steadily since 1960, and driven by demographic growth and accelerated industrialization, could range from 11.5 to 13.6 billion tons (Gt) oil equivalent (toe) in 2020, compared with 8.5 in 1998 and 5.6 in 1973."
The author is using all propaganda framework for legalization & normalization of water-cycle management by climate control and nuclear fracturing of hydrocarbon resources.
"Natural gas, previously viewed to be an unwanted by-product of oil production, became an exploration target in the search for cleaner fuels. The rise of natural gas coincided with heightened attention to global environmental issues and the emergence of global climate change from anthropogenic greenhouse gases as a perceived threat."
"Long distance pipelines and local distribution systems are essential for the bulk of delivered gas supplies."
"In 1860, world oil production reached 500,000 barrels per year. By the 1870s production reached 20 million barrels annually."
"By 1920, it reached 450 million barrels per year - prompting fears that the USA was about to run out of oil. Government officials predicted that the nation's oil reserves would last just ten years. Up until the 1910, the United States produced between 60 and 70 percent of the world's oil supply."
"Oil was discovered in Mexico at the beginning of the twentieth century, and in Iran in 1908, in Venezuela during World War I, and in Iraq in 1927. Many of the new oil discoveries occurred in areas dominated by Britain and the Netherlands: in the Dutch East Indies, Iran, and British mandates in the Middle East. By 1919, Britain controlled 50 percent of the world's proven oil reserves."
"During world war II, the oil surpluses of the 1930s quickly disappeared. Six billion of the seven billion barrels of petroleum used by the allies during the war came from the United States. As early as the 1930s, Britain had gained control over Iran's oil fields and the United States discovered oil reserves in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. After the war, Middle Eastern oil production surged upward. Gradually, the dependence of the United States on Middle Eastern oil increased."
"If large quantities of oil are not discovered, then oil production will no longer satisfy demand. This point is called the peaking of world oil production."
"The world's endowment of oil is finite and hence non-renewable."
"The oil fields discovery rate has been declining for 40 years despite extensive exploration with advanced technology. In 2002, the world used three times more oil than was discovered. Hence, the world will inevitably become dependent on Middle East oil because supplies from many other oil producing countries are declining faster."
"All oilproducing countries are producing at near the maximum rate, except for a few countries in the Middle East."
Be aware, this gas is not "natural", but produced by nuclear fracking and hydraulic pressing!
"Natural gas is seen as a desirable alternative for electricity generation in many parts of the world, given its relative efficiency in comparison with other energy sources, as well as the fact that it burns cleanlier than either coal or oil and thus is an attractive alternative for countries pursuing reductions in greenhouse gas emissions."
"Much of the natural gas seems to be in the Middle East. This region has the world’s second highest estimated future gas recovery (see Figure 7), and it has barely tapped into those resources. Production in the Middle East is expected to peak in 2039 (see Table 3). Its cumulative production is merely 4 percent of its ultimate recovery, which means that around 2,219 tcf of gas still remain to be produced."
"Finally, it has been projected that the average world consumption will increase from 100 to 176 trillion cubic feet by the year 2025, i.e. 76 percent increase."
"However, the problem of gas transportation and distribution problems can be solved by liquefaction and re-gasification. Liquefaction and re-gasification plants are expensive installations, but the cost of transporting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is comparatively low proportionate to distance. The cost of a pipeline is roughly proportionate to its length for any given dimension of pipeline."
"LNG typically outperforms offshore pipelines at distances over 1,500 km and onshore pipelines at distances over 3,500 km. The high capital costs for transporting natural gas can affect industrial structures. For example, gas producers can refuse to develop gas fields unless they can secure a long term commitment from buyers."
"... oil has an international market and it is relatively easy to transport than natural gas, because of the high cost of transportation."
Be aware, this water has to be available first in underground aquifers or on the ground reservoirs, where nuclear fracking will be conducted. It has to be brought there, stored and supplied for hydraulic pressing, after the nuclear fracturing of the rock formation!
"Produced water is the largest waste-stream source in the entire exploration and production process. Over the economic life of a producing field, the volume of produced water can be more than 10 times the volume of hydrocarbon produced."
When it is made by nuclear fracturing, is not natural radiation, the contamination levels are not low and it doesn't come out only by processed water.
At the moment of nuclear explosion there are gamma and x-rays, crossing the rock formations. Long term radiation comes by seeping radon and radon-daughters through cracks caused by nuclear explosions.
"Produced water may also contain low levels of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and contamination of NORM can be expected at nearly every petroleum facility. Some NORM can be sufficiently severe that maintenance and other personnel may be exposed to hazardous concentrations."
The "warming is man made", but in a planned and industrial manner, by shifting the heat and humidity in the troposphere vertically and horizontally with measures of globally applied climate control! The so called "greenhouse gases" and "greenhouse effect" don't exist. They are pure lies, without any truth!
"In response to scientific predictions of man-made global warming, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit. With 26 Articles, consisting of objectives, principles, commitments and recommendations, the UNFCCC became a blueprint for precautionary action against the threat of global climate change. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to achieve the stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner."
Chlorine and other halogens are intentionally sprayed into the ozone layer to create the ozone holes and increase the transfer of UVB rays to the troposphere and the surface. Signing such protocols and any climate agreement is an act of submission and treason and loss of sovereignty!
"In response to scientific predictions of man-made global warming, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit. With 26 Articles, consisting of objectives, principles, commitments and recommendations, the UNFCCC became a blueprint for precautionary action against the threat of global climate change. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to achieve the stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner."
Chlorine and other halogens are intentionally sprayed into the ozone layer to create the ozone holes and increase the transfer of UVB rays to the troposphere and the surface. Signing such protocols and any climate agreement is an act of submission and treason and loss of sovereignty!
"The protocol is an international agreement to drastically reduce Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) production and it was adopted in Montreal. Global cooperation for the protection of the stratospheric ozone layer began with the negotiation of the Vienna convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer, which concluded in 1985. The details of the international agreement were defined in the Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer. The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 and became effective in 1989."
"During the evolution of its implementation, as a result of changing conditions and increased information, additional requirements have been added to the Montreal protocol through amendments adopted in London 1990, Copenhagen 1992. The parties to the Montreal protocol agreed to a phase out of controlled substances by the end of 1995.Controlled substances include Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs, halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, and methyl bromide. On September 2002, 183 countries have ratified the Montreal Protocol which sets out the time schedule to "freeze" and reduce consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS)."
"The Kyoto protocol is a legally binding international agreement to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change, which was initially negotiated in Kyoto, Japan in 1997. The agreement came into force on February 16, 2005. The Kyoto protocol is an amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an international treaty on global warming. Countries which ratify this protocol, commit to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases. A total of 141 countries have ratified the agreement. Notable exceptions include the United States and Australia."
Libya resisted all these acts of submission until 2003!
"Libya's oil industry is run by the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC), along with subsidiary companies, which, all taken together, account for around half of the country's oil output. NOC was established on 12th November 1970, under Law No: 24/1970, to assume the responsibility of the oil sector operations [129]. NOC carries out exploration and production operations through its own affiliated companies. NOC also participates with other companies under service contracts or any other kind of petroleum investment agreements. Of NOC’s subsidiaries, the largest oil producers are the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO) and Waha Oil Company (WOC)."
"Two other large NOC subsidiaries are the Zueitina Oil Company (ZOC), which operates the five Intisar fields in the Sirte Basin, and the Sirte Oil Company (SOC), created in 1981 to take over Exxon's holdings in Libya. SOC operates the Raguba field in the central part of the Sirte Basin. SOC is also in charge of two other gas fields (Attahadi and Assumud) plus the Marsa el-Brega liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant. NOC owns refineries and oil and gas processing companies. They own operating refineries such as Zawia and Ras Lanuf refineries, and also ammonia, urea, methanol, Ras Lanuf petrochemical complex and the gas processing plan."
"Libya is one of the major oil producers in Africa. The country is also the biggest oil supplier to Europe among other oil supplies from North Africa. Libya has proven reserves of 39 billion barrels of oil and a production capacity of 1.4 million barrels per day. Italy, Germany, Spain and France account to 74 percent of Libya’s export. Libya’s economy is based on oil revenue, which accounts for 95 percent of Libya’s hard currency. These earnings were hurt severely by the dramatic decline in oil prices during 1998, as well as by reduced oil production in part as a result of UN sanctions. With higher oil 77 prices since 1999, however, Libyan oil export revenues have increased sharply, to 13.4 billion in 2003, up from $ 5.9 billion in 1998. Due to higher oil export revenues, Libya experienced strong economic growth during 2003 and 2004, with real gross domestic product (GDP) estimated to have grown by about 9.8 percent and 7.7 percent respectively."
"Libya's oil industry is run by the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC), along with subsidiary companies, which, all taken together, account for around half of the country's oil output. NOC was established on 12th November 1970, under Law No: 24/1970, to assume the responsibility of the oil sector operations [129]. NOC carries out exploration and production operations through its own affiliated companies. NOC also participates with other companies under service contracts or any other kind of petroleum investment agreements. Of NOC’s subsidiaries, the largest oil producers are the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO) and Waha Oil Company (WOC)."
"Two other large NOC subsidiaries are the Zueitina Oil Company (ZOC), which operates the five Intisar fields in the Sirte Basin, and the Sirte Oil Company (SOC), created in 1981 to take over Exxon's holdings in Libya. SOC operates the Raguba field in the central part of the Sirte Basin. SOC is also in charge of two other gas fields (Attahadi and Assumud) plus the Marsa el-Brega liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant. NOC owns refineries and oil and gas processing companies. They own operating refineries such as Zawia and Ras Lanuf refineries, and also ammonia, urea, methanol, Ras Lanuf petrochemical complex and the gas processing plan."
"Libya is one of the major oil producers in Africa. The country is also the biggest oil supplier to Europe among other oil supplies from North Africa. Libya has proven reserves of 39 billion barrels of oil and a production capacity of 1.4 million barrels per day. Italy, Germany, Spain and France account to 74 percent of Libya’s export. Libya’s economy is based on oil revenue, which accounts for 95 percent of Libya’s hard currency. These earnings were hurt severely by the dramatic decline in oil prices during 1998, as well as by reduced oil production in part as a result of UN sanctions. With higher oil 77 prices since 1999, however, Libyan oil export revenues have increased sharply, to 13.4 billion in 2003, up from $ 5.9 billion in 1998. Due to higher oil export revenues, Libya experienced strong economic growth during 2003 and 2004, with real gross domestic product (GDP) estimated to have grown by about 9.8 percent and 7.7 percent respectively."
"Despite Libya’s relatively strong recent economic growth, unemployment remains
high as the country’s population grows rapidly and new jobs are not created rapidly enough.
In addition, Libya’s relatively poor infrastructure, a bloated public sector (as much as 60
percent of government spending goes towards paying public sector employees’ salaries), and
huge public work programmes (i.e., the “Great Man Made River” project) , have posed
impediments to foreign investment and to economic growth."
The so called "liberalisation" is always the entering of imperial corporations into a country and its step by step annexation, economically and militarily!
The so called "liberalisation" is always the entering of imperial corporations into a country and its step by step annexation, economically and militarily!
"In 2003, the economy has undergone a gradual process of liberalisation by the government. This came in the form of the issuance of regulations for the privatisation of certain government–owned enterprises and private businesses are allowed to operate in the country. In addition, the Libyan government also pledged to bring Libya into the world Trade Organization (WTO)."
"Foreign involvement in Libya was severely reduced as a result of the sanctions and embargoes emplaced upon it especially between the years of 1992 and 1999. Since the UN sanctions were lifted in 1999, the government of Libya has tried to make the country attractive to foreign investors including a recent relaxation of foreign exchange controls. Libya is hoping to reduce its dependency on oil as the country’s sole source of income, and to increase investment in agriculture, tourism, fisheries, mining, and natural gas."
"In Libya oil exploration began in 1955, with the key national Petroleum Law No. 25 enacted in April of that year. Libya's first oil fields were discovered in 1959 and oil exports began in 1961."
The oil boycott of 1970 to 1974 was required to save the Dollar after the breakdown of gold-standard of Bretton Woods and official ending declared by Richard Nixon in 1971. The Arab countries joined that without knowing the real reason or they knew it and collaborated for more profits by higher prices.
"Libyan peak oil production was 3.3 million bbl/d in 1970, with a marked decline to 1.5 million bbl/d due to government production restrictions during the period 1970 to 1974, before rising again to 2.1 million bbl/d in 1979. During the 1980’s, Libyan oil production averaged approximately 1.2 million bbl/d, rising to approximately 1.4 million bbl/d in 1990’s."
"Between the years of 1992 and 1999, Libyan oil production was hardly reduced as a result of the sanctions emplaced upon it. With the full lifting of sanctions, Libya is looking for foreign companies to increase the country’s oil production capacity from 1.5 million bbl/d in 2003 to 2 million bbl/d by 2010. During 2004, Libyan oil production was estimated at nearly 1.6 million bbl/d, with consumption 237,000 bbl/d and net export 1.34 million bbl/d. Libya is considered a highly attractive oil exploration due to its low cost of oil recovery."
For the production of the so called "natural gas", nuclear explosives are required. Libya should have developed its nuclear industry, instead of giving it up. Maybe the scientists there were never far enough in their development.
"Natural gas production remains a high priority for Libya for two main reasons. Firstly, Libya has aimed to use natural gas instead of oil domestically, freeing up more oil for export. Secondly, Libya has vast natural gas reserves. Natural gas production rose in line with oil production and peaked in 1979 at a rate of 2.2 billion cubic feet per day. By 1994 production had fallen to 1.2 billion cubic feet per day. Approximately one-third of the total production is for industrial use or reinjected."
"In 1970, Libya became the second country in the world (after Algeria in 1964) to export liquefied natural gas (LNG). Since then, Libya‘s LNG exports have generally languished largely due to technical limitations, which do not allow Libya to extract Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) from the LNG, thereby forcing the buyer to do so. At present, Libyan gas exports to Europe are increasing rapidly with the Western Libyan Gas Project (WLGP) and $ 6.6 billion “Greenstream” underwater gas pipeline coming online. Previously, the only customer for Libyan gas was Spain’s Enagas. The WLGP joint venture between Eni and NOC has expanded these exports to Italy. The supply is starting in 2005 at around 280 billion cubic feet (Bcf) per year of natural gas."
"In 2004, according to the Oil and Gas Journal, Libya has total proven oil reserves of 39 billion barrels. However, according to the NOC, Libya remains highly unexplored, and it has an excellent potential for more oil discoveries. In addition, despite years of oil production, only approximately 25 percent of Libya’s area is covered by agreements with oil companies ."
"Asides from Sirte, NOC priorities for new exploration include areas in the Ghadames and Murzuq basins plus barely explored areas such as Kufra basin and Cyrenaica Batnan basin. Ghadames is Libya's second most explored basin, and is linked geologically with oil and gas structures in Algeria and Tunisia. Murzuq has been a successful area for oil and gas exploration in recent years, with new fields including the El Sharara and Elephant fields."
"In January 2005, Libya’s natural gas reserves were estimated by the oil and gas Journal at 52 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) although its reserves are largely unexploited and unexplored and could be as much as 70-100 Tcf. Major producing fields include Attahadi, Defa – Waha, Hatiba, Zelten, Sahl. One of Libya’s priorities is the expansion of natural gas sector."
4. Little more history about oil!
Just to improve one very important historic point, I quote following articles about the oil of north part of Azerbaijan, which was lost by Iran during the wars against Russia in the 18th and at the beginning of 19th century.
Please consider that the "Great Game" was never stopped but it is now failing again under the name of "Project for a Greater Middle East".
The Great Game
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game
""The Great Game" was a political and diplomatic confrontation that existed for most of the 19th century between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighbouring territories in Central and Southern Asia. Russia was fearful of British commercial and military inroads into Central Asia, and Britain was fearful of Russia adding "the jewel in the crown", India, to the vast empire that Russia was building in Asia."
"Britain made it a high priority to protect all the approaches to India, and the "great game" is primarily how the British did this in terms of a possible Russian threat. Historians with access to the archives have concluded that Russia had no plans involving India, as the Russians repeatedly stated."
Russo-Persian Wars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars
"... throughout its history, Transcaucasia (comprising modern day Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia) and large parts of Dagestan were usually incorporated into the Iranian world. During the course of the 19th century, the Russian Empire conquered the territory from Qajar Iran."
"Russian victory. Treaty of Gulistan – Persia cedes what is now Georgia, Dagestan, parts of northern Armenia, and most of what now comprises modern Azerbaijan to Russia."
RUSSIA i. Russo-Iranian Relations up to the Bolshevik Revolution
http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/russia-i-relations
"The Ottoman threat to a weakened Iran, combined with the Afghan invasion and deep internal decline, convinced Peter the Great to interfere in order to prevent the Ottomans from appearing on the Russian southeastern borders."
"In 1723, the envoy of Shah Ṭahmāsb II, a son of the late shah, signed a treaty with Russia in St. Petersburg, under which Iran ceded to Russia the towns of Darband and Baku and the provinces of Gilan, Mazanderan, and Astarabad. Shah Ṭahmāsb refused to ratify the treaty, but Russia maintained garrisons in Darband, Baku, and Gilan."
Azerbaijan's Oil History
A Chronology Leading up to the Soviet Era
by Mir Yusif Mir-Babayev
https://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_oil_chronology.html
"Azerbaijan has been linked with oil for centuries, even for millennia. Medieval travelers to the region remarked on its abundant supply of oil, noting that this resource was an integral part of daily life there."
"By the 19th century, Azerbaijan was by far the frontrunner in the world's oil and gas industry. In 1846 - more than a decade before the Americans made their famous discovery of oil in Pennsylvania - Azerbaijan drilled its first oil well in Bibi-Heybat. By the beginning of the 20th century, Azerbaijan was producing more than half of the world's supply of oil."
Because of oil, conquering of Azerbaijan became a main target of the British Empire!
Back to the Future - Britain, Baku Oil and the Cycle of History
by Terry D. Adams, Autumn 1998 (6.3), Pages 81-84
https://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/63_folder/63_articles/63_adams.html
"... in the 20th century, it is the story of Baku Oil that has dictated its tempestuous past. There is a long record of British interest in Baku and by comparing our experiences today with the records of various British missions to Baku, we can see the cyclical nature of the history of the region."
"In 1555, a new Moscow Company was formed in London and agents were sent to Central Asia throughout the remainder of the 16th century. Six English missions to Azerbaijan are recorded between 1568 and 1574, from which period Thomas Bannister and Jeffrey Duckett described Baku in their correspondence from the Caucasus as: "which town is a strange thing to behold, for there issueth out of the ground a marvelous quantity of oil, which serveth all the country to burn in their houses. This oil is black and is called "nefte." There is also by the said town of Baku, another kind of oil which is white and very precious, and it is called petroleum.""
5. The "Global Shale Gas Initiative" of Killary Monster!
The big bubble, which burst too fast!
However, it brought death and destruction by causing gruesome earthquakes and tsunamis, killing hundreds of thousands people in Oceania, Haiti and elsewhere. Let us take a deep dive into the background into the topic.
THE GLOBAL SHALE GAS INITIATIVE: WILL THE UNITED STATES BE THE ROLE MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHALE GAS AROUND THE WORLD?
Susan L. Sakmar, 6/20/2011
http://www.hjil.org/articles/hjil-33-2-sakmar.pdf
"Types of Natural Gas Reservoirs In general, gas reservoirs are classified as conventional or unconventional based on the following:"
"Conventional reservoirs: In a conventional reservoir, natural gas has migrated from a source rock into a “trap” that is capped by an impermeable layer of rock. Conventional gas reservoirs are often associated with deposits of oil and are often developed in conjunction with oil. In conventional gas reservoirs, a traditional well may simply be drilled directly into the reservoir. Because the sands or rock that contain the gas have interconnected pore spaces, and are thus permeable in nature, the gas flows naturally to the wellbore."
"Unconventional reservoirs: In an unconventional reservoir, natural gas must be extracted from the source rock itself using a variety of production techniques including hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. Because of the low permeability of unconventional reservoirs, these techniques are used to stimulate the reservoir—by creating fissures in the rock, the gas flows more easily through it, enhancing production. There are three types of unconventional gas reservoirs:"
"1. Tight Gas: Tight gas commonly refers to natural gas that is trapped in sandstones, and it accounts for approximately 30% of current U.S. natural gas production."
"2. Coal Bed Methane (CBM): CBM is natural gas that is produced from coal seams, which act as the source and reservoir for the natural gas. CBM has been produced commercially since the 1980s and today accounts for approximately 8% of total U.S. natural gas supply."
"3. Shale Gas: “Shale gas is natural gas produced from shale formations that typically function as both the reservoir and source for the natural gas.” The economic potential of a particular shale formation can be evaluated by indentifying specific source rock characteristics. These characteristics are used to predict whether marketable volumes will be produced from the formation. A number of wells may need to be drilled and analyzed in order to sufficiently determine the potential of the shale formation, especially if the basin is large and the targeted zones varied."
Now I put some quotes from an article of MotherJones.com. Please read the full article at the source. It is very interesting. It shows how deeply Hitlary Killary Clinton was involved in the spreading of nuclear fracking all over the world. It also reveals that the global fracking boom was more a speculative fantasy than based on the reality in the underground. The State Department and the propaganda machinery of the corporations made a lot of empty promises, particularly to the eastern European countries: Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and others.
This article also exposes how the US oil and gas corporations are deeply involved in selling the scam of climate engineering. They connect all their activities with "climate protection".
How Hillary Clinton’s State Department Sold Fracking to the World
A trove of secret documents details the US government’s global push for shale gas.
MARIAH BLAKE
https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/09/hillary-clinton-fracking-shale-state-department-chevron/
"One icy morning in February 2012, Hillary Clinton’s plane touched down in the Bulgarian capital, Sofia, which was just digging out from a fierce blizzard."
"The previous year, Bulgaria had signed a five-year, $68 million deal, granting US oil giant Chevron millions of acres in shale gas concessions. Bulgarians were outraged. Shortly before Clinton arrived, tens of thousands of protesters poured into the streets carrying placards that read “Stop fracking with our water” and “Chevron go home.” Bulgaria’s parliament responded by voting overwhelmingly for a fracking moratorium."
"Clinton urged Bulgarian officials to give fracking another chance. According to Borissov, she agreed to help fly in the “best specialists on these new technologies to present the benefits to the Bulgarian people.” But resistance only grew."
"The following month in neighboring Romania, thousands of people gathered to protest another Chevron fracking project, and Romania’s parliament began weighing its own shale gas moratorium. Again Clinton intervened, dispatching her special envoy for energy in Eurasia, Richard Morningstar, to push back against the fracking bans. The State Department’s lobbying effort culminated in late May 2012, when Morningstar held a series of meetings on fracking with top Bulgarian and Romanian officials. He also touted the technology in an interview on Bulgarian national radio, saying it could lead to a fivefold drop in the price of natural gas. A few weeks later, Romania’s parliament voted down its proposed fracking ban and Bulgaria’s eased its moratorium."
"... the State Department worked closely with energy companies to spread fracking around the globe—part of a broader push to fight climate change, boost global energy supply, and undercut the power of adversaries such as Russia that use their energy resources as a cudgel."
"But environmental groups fear that exporting fracking, which has been linked to drinking-water contamination and earthquakes at home, could wreak havoc in countries with scant environmental regulation."
"Geologists have long known that there were huge quantities of natural gas locked in shale rock. But tapping it wasn’t economically viable until the late 1990s, when a Texas wildcatter named George Mitchell hit on a novel extraction method that involved drilling wells sideways from the initial borehole, then blasting them full of water, chemicals, and sand to break up the shale—a variation of a technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. Besides dislodging a bounty of natural gas, Mitchell’s breakthrough ignited an energy revolution. Between 2006 and 2008, domestic gas reserves jumped 35 percent."
"The United States later vaulted past Russia to become the world’s largest natural gas producer. As a result, prices dropped to record lows, and America began to wean itself from coal, along with oil and gas imports, which lessened its dependence on the Middle East. The surging global gas supply also helped shrink Russia’s economic clout: Profits for Russia’s state-owned gas company, Gazprom, plummeted by more than 60 percent between 2008 and 2009 alone."
"Clinton, who was sworn in as secretary of state in early 2009, believed that shale gas could help rewrite global energy politics. “This is a moment of profound change,” she later told a crowd at Georgetown University. “Countries that used to depend on others for their energy are now producers. How will this shape world events? Who will benefit, and who will not?…The answers to these questions are being written right now, and we intend to play a major role.” Clinton tapped a lawyer named David Goldwyn as her special envoy for international energy affairs; his charge was “to elevate energy diplomacy as a key function of US foreign policy.”"
Here is the connection of Goldwyn with Libya!
"Goldwyn had a long history of promoting drilling overseas—both as a Department of Energy official under Bill Clinton and as a representative of the oil industry. From 2005 to 2009 he directed the US-Libya Business Association, an organization funded primarily by US oil companies—including Chevron, Exxon Mobil, and Marathon—clamoring to tap Libya’s abundant supply. Goldwyn lobbied Congress for pro-Libyan policies and even battled legislation that would have allowed families of the Lockerbie bombing victims to sue the Libyan government for its alleged role in the attack."
Killary must have seen more profit in conquering Libya to fully control and exploit its fracking potential, instead of cooperating with the Gaddafi clan!
"According to diplomatic cables released by WikiLeaks, one of Goldwyn’s first acts at the State Department was gathering oil and gas industry executives “to discuss the potential international impact of shale gas.” Clinton then sent a cable to US diplomats, asking them to collect information on the potential for fracking in their host countries. These efforts eventually gave rise to the Global Shale Gas Initiative, which aimed to help other nations develop their shale potential. Clinton promised it would do so “in a way that is as environmentally respectful as possible.”"
"But environmental groups were barely consulted, while industry played a crucial role. When Goldwyn unveiled the initiative in April 2010, it was at a meeting of the United States Energy Association, a trade organization representing Chevron, Exxon Mobil, and ConocoPhillips, all of which were pursuing fracking overseas. Among their top targets was Poland, which preliminary studies suggested had abundant shale gas. The day after Goldwyn’s announcement, the US Embassy in Warsaw helped organize a shale gas conference, underwritten by these same companies (plus the oil field services company Halliburton) and attended by officials from the departments of State and Energy."
"In some cases, Clinton personally promoted shale gas. During a 2010 gathering of foreign ministers in Washington, DC, she spoke about America’s plans to help spread fracking abroad. “I know that in some places [it] is controversial,” she said, “but natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel available for power generation today.” She later traveled to Poland for a series of meetings with officials, after which she announced that the country had joined the Global Shale Gas Initiative."
"That August, delegates from 17 countries descended on Washington for the State Department’s first shale gas conference. The media was barred from attending, and officials refused to reveal basic information, including which countries took part. When Rep. Henry Waxman (D-Calif.) inquired about industry involvement, the department would say only that there had been “a limited industry presence.” (State Department officials have since been more forthcoming with Mother Jones: In addition to a number of US government agencies, they say attendees heard from energy firms, including Devon, Chesapeake, and Halliburton.)"
What is meant is the so called "Arab spring"!
"While the meeting helped stir up interest, it wasn’t until 2011 that global fracking fever set in for real. That spring, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) released its initial estimate of global shale gas, which found that 32 countries had viable shale basins and put global recoverable shale gas at 6,600 trillion cubic feet — enough to supply the world for more than 50 years at current rates of consumption. This was a rich opportunity for big oil and gas companies, which had largely missed out on the US fracking boom and were under pressure from Wall Street to shore up their dwindling reserves. “They’re desperate,” says Antoine Simon, who coordinates the shale gas campaign at Friends of the Earth Europe. “It’s the last push to continue their fossil fuel development.”"
"While the meeting helped stir up interest, it wasn’t until 2011 that global fracking fever set in for real. That spring, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) released its initial estimate of global shale gas, which found that 32 countries had viable shale basins and put global recoverable shale gas at 6,600 trillion cubic feet — enough to supply the world for more than 50 years at current rates of consumption. This was a rich opportunity for big oil and gas companies, which had largely missed out on the US fracking boom and were under pressure from Wall Street to shore up their dwindling reserves. “They’re desperate,” says Antoine Simon, who coordinates the shale gas campaign at Friends of the Earth Europe. “It’s the last push to continue their fossil fuel development.”"
Read the part "environmentalists, who argue fracking may do little to ease global warming" again and again to understand how the so called environmentalists create acceptance for the legalization of nuclear fracking, which is already applied illegally. The intention is to "crowd out investment in renewables". The so called "renewables" are just placeholders and serve to distract from the ongoing by giving a fake hope and serving as fake alternative.
"The industry began fighting hard for access to shale fields abroad, and promoting gas as the fuel of choice for slashing carbon emissions. In Europe, lobbyists circulated a report claiming that the European Union could save 900 billion euros if it invested in gas rather than renewable energy to meet its 2050 climate targets. This rankled environmentalists, who argue fracking may do little to ease global warming, given that wells and pipelines leak large quantities of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. They also fear it could crowd out investment in renewables."
Nuclear fracking is one of the reasons why the US is behind Julian Assange, in addition of US war crimes, which were published on WikiLeaks.
"Around the time of his departure, WikiLeaks released a slew of diplomatic cables, including one describing a 2009 meeting during which Goldwyn and Canadian officials discussed development of the Alberta oil sands—a project benefiting some of the same firms behind the US-Libya Business Association. The cable said that Goldwyn had coached his Canadian counterparts on improving “oil sands messaging” and helped alleviate their concerns about getting oil sands crude to US markets. This embarrassed the State Department, which is reviewing the controversial Keystone XL pipeline proposal to transport crude oil from Canada and is under fire from environmentalists."
"Around the time of his departure, WikiLeaks released a slew of diplomatic cables, including one describing a 2009 meeting during which Goldwyn and Canadian officials discussed development of the Alberta oil sands—a project benefiting some of the same firms behind the US-Libya Business Association. The cable said that Goldwyn had coached his Canadian counterparts on improving “oil sands messaging” and helped alleviate their concerns about getting oil sands crude to US markets. This embarrassed the State Department, which is reviewing the controversial Keystone XL pipeline proposal to transport crude oil from Canada and is under fire from environmentalists."
Here we see again who the Corporate Empire works by bribing the political marionettes.
"In late 2011, Clinton finally unveiled the new Bureau of Energy Resources, with 63 employees and a multimillion-dollar budget. She also promised to instruct US embassies around the globe to step up their work on energy issues and “pursue more outreach to private-sector energy” firms, some of which had generously supported both her and President Barack Obama’s political campaigns. (One Chevron executive bundled large sums for Clinton’s 2008 presidential bid, for example.)"
"As part of its expanded energy mandate, the State Department hosted conferences on fracking from Thailand to Botswana. It sent US experts to work alongside foreign officials as they developed shale gas programs. And it arranged for dozens of foreign delegations to visit the United States to attend workshops and meet with industry consultants—as well as with environmental groups, in some cases."
"US oil giants, meanwhile, were snapping up natural gas leases in far-flung places. By 2012, Chevron had large shale concessions in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, and South Africa, as well as in Eastern Europe, which was in the midst of a claim-staking spree; Poland alone had granted more than 100 shale concessions covering nearly a third of its territory. When the nation lit its first shale gas flare atop a Halliburton-drilled well that fall, the state-owned gas company ran full-page ads in the country’s largest newspapers showing a spindly rig rising above the hills in the tiny village of Lubocino, alongside the tagline: “Don’t put out the flame of hope.” Politicians promised that Poland would soon break free of its nemesis, Russia, which supplies the lion’s share of its gas. “After years of dependence on our large neighbor, today we can say that my generation will see the day when we will be independent in the area of natural gas,” Prime Minister Donald Tusk declared. “And we will be setting terms.”"
"But shale was not the godsend that industry leaders and foreign governments had hoped it would be. For one, new research from the US Geological Survey suggested that the EIA assessments had grossly overestimated shale deposits: The recoverable shale gas estimate for Poland shrank from 187 trillion cubic feet to 1.3 trillion cubic feet, a 99 percent drop. Geological conditions and other factors in Europe and Asia also made fracking more arduous and expensive; one industry study estimated that drilling shale gas in Poland would cost three times what it does in the United States."
"By 2013, US oil giants were abandoning their Polish shale plays. “The expectations for global shale gas were extremely high,” says the State Department’s Hueper. “But the geological limitations and aboveground challenges are immense. A handful of countries have the potential for a boom, but there may never be a global shale gas revolution.”
"In late 2011, Clinton finally unveiled the new Bureau of Energy Resources, with 63 employees and a multimillion-dollar budget. She also promised to instruct US embassies around the globe to step up their work on energy issues and “pursue more outreach to private-sector energy” firms, some of which had generously supported both her and President Barack Obama’s political campaigns. (One Chevron executive bundled large sums for Clinton’s 2008 presidential bid, for example.)"
"As part of its expanded energy mandate, the State Department hosted conferences on fracking from Thailand to Botswana. It sent US experts to work alongside foreign officials as they developed shale gas programs. And it arranged for dozens of foreign delegations to visit the United States to attend workshops and meet with industry consultants—as well as with environmental groups, in some cases."
"US oil giants, meanwhile, were snapping up natural gas leases in far-flung places. By 2012, Chevron had large shale concessions in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, and South Africa, as well as in Eastern Europe, which was in the midst of a claim-staking spree; Poland alone had granted more than 100 shale concessions covering nearly a third of its territory. When the nation lit its first shale gas flare atop a Halliburton-drilled well that fall, the state-owned gas company ran full-page ads in the country’s largest newspapers showing a spindly rig rising above the hills in the tiny village of Lubocino, alongside the tagline: “Don’t put out the flame of hope.” Politicians promised that Poland would soon break free of its nemesis, Russia, which supplies the lion’s share of its gas. “After years of dependence on our large neighbor, today we can say that my generation will see the day when we will be independent in the area of natural gas,” Prime Minister Donald Tusk declared. “And we will be setting terms.”"
"But shale was not the godsend that industry leaders and foreign governments had hoped it would be. For one, new research from the US Geological Survey suggested that the EIA assessments had grossly overestimated shale deposits: The recoverable shale gas estimate for Poland shrank from 187 trillion cubic feet to 1.3 trillion cubic feet, a 99 percent drop. Geological conditions and other factors in Europe and Asia also made fracking more arduous and expensive; one industry study estimated that drilling shale gas in Poland would cost three times what it does in the United States."
"By 2013, US oil giants were abandoning their Polish shale plays. “The expectations for global shale gas were extremely high,” says the State Department’s Hueper. “But the geological limitations and aboveground challenges are immense. A handful of countries have the potential for a boom, but there may never be a global shale gas revolution.”
“They’re desperate,” says Antoine Simon of Friends of the Earth Europe. “It’s the last push to continue their fossil fuel development.”"
"The fact that property owners didn’t stand to profit from drilling on their land ignited public outrage in some parts of the world, especially Eastern Europe. US officials speculate that Russia also had a hand in fomenting protests there. “The perception among diplomats in the region was that Russia was protecting its interests,” says Mark Gitenstein, the former US ambassador to Romania. “It didn’t want shale gas for obvious reasons.”"
All these methods of bribing and fake grassroots and fake environment protection organizations, fake protesters and fake studies distracting from climate geoengineering were used to mobilize a brainwashed majority, culminating in the hype around Greta Thunberg and her "Fridays for Future" strikes.
Energy security means production of fuel by nuclear fracking and underground gasification!
"Faced with these obstacles, US and European energy companies launched a lobbying blitz targeting the European Union. They formed faux grassroots organizations, plied lawmakers with industry-funded studies, and hosted lavish dinners and conferences for regulators. The website for one industry confab—which, according to Friends of the Earth Europe, featured presentations from Exxon Mobil, Total, and Halliburton—warned that failure to develop shale gas “will have damaging consequences on European energy security and prosperity” and urged European governments to “allow shale gas exploration to advance” so they could “fully understand the scale of the opportunity.”"
"US lobbying shops also jumped into the fray. Covington & Burling, a major Washington firm, hired several former senior EU policymakers—including a top energy official who, according to the New York Times, arrived with a not-yet-public draft of the European Commission’s fracking regulations."
"In June 2013, Covington staffer Jean De Ruyt, a former Belgian diplomat and adviser to the European Commission, hosted an event at the firm’s Brussels office. Executives from Chevron and other oil and gas behemoths attended, as did Kurt Vandenberghe, then one of the commission’s top environmental regulators."
"Goldwyn was also busy promoting fracking overseas—this time on behalf of industry. Between January and October 2012, his firm organized a series of workshops on fracking for officials in Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine, all of them funded by Chevron. The events were closed to the public—when Romanian journalist Vlad Ursulean tried to attend the Romanian gathering, he says Goldwyn personally saw to it that he was escorted out."
"But all of these countries—except Bulgaria, which was in the midst of anti-fracking protests—would later grant Chevron major shale concessions."
"When the government began weighing a fracking ban, it didn’t sit well with Gitenstein (US ambassador), who went on Romanian television and warned that, without fracking, the nation could be stuck paying five times what America does for natural gas. He added that US shale prospectors had “obtained great successes—without consequences for the environment, I dare say.” The proposed moratorium soon died."
"A few weeks later, Chevron was preparing to build its first fracking rig near Pungesti, a tiny farming village in northeastern Romania. According to a memo from the prime minister’s office, a Romanian official met with Chevron executives and an embassy-based US Commerce Department employee to craft a PR strategy for the project."
"The strategy did little to soothe the public’s ire. When Chevron finally did attempt to install the rig in late 2013, residents—including elderly villagers who arrived in horse-drawn carts—blockaded the planned drilling sites. The Romanian Orthodox Church rallied behind them, with one local priest likening Chevron to enemy “invaders.” Soon, anti-fracking protests were cropping up from Poland to the United Kingdom. But Chevron didn’t back down. Along with other American energy firms, it lobbied to insert language in a proposed US-EU trade agreement allowing US companies to haul European governments before international arbitration panels for any actions threatening their investments. Chevron argued this was necessary to protect shareholders against “arbitrary” and “unfair” treatment by local authorities. But environmental groups say it would stymie fracking regulation and point to a $250 million lawsuit Delaware-based Lone Pine Resources has filed against the Canadian province of Quebec for temporarily banning fracking near a key source of drinking water. The case hinges on a similar trade provision."
"Despite the public outcry in Europe, the State Department has stayed the course. Clinton’s successor as secretary of state, John Kerry, views natural gas as a key part of his push against climate change. Under Kerry, State has ramped up investment in its shale gas initiative and is planning to expand it to 30 more countries, from Cambodia to Papua New Guinea."
"Following the Crimea crisis, the Obama administration has also been pressing Eastern European countries to fast-track their fracking initiatives so as to be less dependent on Russia. During an April visit to Ukraine, which has granted concessions to Chevron and Royal Dutch Shell, Vice President Joe Biden announced that the United States would bring in technical experts to speed up its shale gas development. “We stand ready to assist you,” promised Biden, whose son Hunter has since joined the board of a Ukrainian energy company. “Imagine where you’d be today if you were able to tell Russia: ‘Keep your gas.’ It would be a very different world.”"
6. Race on Libyan oil and gas after Gaddafi!
Looking at the Libyan reserves of oil and gas, it should be reminded that Muammar Gaddafi did not give concessions for fracking, but Killary Monster and her gang of bandits aimed to get full access onto all frackable reserves.
Libya’s Oil After Gaddafi
BY BOYKO NITZOV, AUGUST 25, 2011
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/libya-s-oil-after-gaddafi
"One of Gaddafi’s staple claims is that foreigners from the West are colonialists who want to rob the Libyans of their greatest asset, oil. In fact, if the West is after anything in Libya, it is to help the Libyans remove Gaddafi’s dictatorship and regain control over their destiny, including putting an end to the tremendous mismanagement of the petroleum sector and misallocation of the revenues derived from it under Gaddafi’s regime."
"Most foreign oil companies operate in Libya’s upstream sector under contracts known as “Exploration and Production Sharing Agreements” (EPSA), a kind of service contract which has been used in the country since the late 1970s and is in wide use in many other countries around the globe. The most recent version of Libya’s EPSA is known as EPSA-IV."
"EPSA contracts do not convey any ownership rights over oil and gas resources to the foreign operating companies. Rather, they are risk-based term service contracts, under which the foreign company undertakes to finance and carry out at its own risk an exploration program, and eventually develop the resources if a commercial discovery occurs. If no commercially viable oil or gas is found, the exploration cost is borne entirely by the foreign company, the acreage is released and can be offered to another party."
"In case of a commercial discovery, any eventual production is split between the operator and the Libyan side in a pre-determined manner that allows cost to be recovered and some profit to be made. Making a profit is far from certain, as it depends on future oil prices, costs, and geological risks associated with the fields themselves. In EPSA-IV, the Libyan side (represented by the National Oil Company, NOC) takes 80 to 90 percent of the oil and gas production, while the foreign company must recover capital and operating cost and eventually make a profit from the remaining share in production, which is less than 20 percent."
"Under these agreements, the Libyan side carries about 50 percent of the cost, but gets up to 90 percent of production revenues. The Libyan side also has complete control, via the NOC and the Ministry of Finance, over exploration and development plans and budgets (which have to be pre-approved), capital and operational expenditure (which has to be certified to become eligible for reimbursement) and oil exports (for which a quota must be approved and separate loading schedule granted for each cargo)."
"The real issue is not access to Libya’s oil and gas, but how the proceeds from the petroleum business in Libya are used, and who is in control of their allocation. Gaddafi’s regime has a dismal record of wasteful and injurious spending, ranging from the relatively innocuous like investing in white elephant projects, to the dangerous (supplying arms to suspect clients), the sinister (funding of the development and deployment of weapons of mass destruction), and the outright criminal (support, contracting, and direct carrying out of acts of terror)."
"Domestically, petromoney has been used extensively as a tool of divide et impera, by whimsically granting or withdrawing funds to various groups of Libyan society. Internationally, billions upon billions of dollars have been wasted by Gaddafi to purchase the veneer of political support in Africa, the Arab world, and elsewhere. Nepotism and complete lack of transparency were hallmarks of Gaddafi’s funds allocation."
"Ending the Embargo"
"Right now, most of the transactions in Libyan petroleum are impossible due to the blacklisting of NOC and many of its affiliates. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (UNSCR 1973) requests all governments to block NOC’s assets. The United States and the Council of the European Union have accordingly adopted legislation implementing UNSCR 1973. The sanctions do not prohibit trade or introduce an embargo, but make impossible payments to Libyan government-owned counterparts for oil, bunker fuel, port services, and other transactions typically associated with petroleum. Banks refuse export financing and routing of payments."
"The absence of Libyan oil has impacted mostly the European market, which traditionally takes about 90 percent of exports. Italy, France, and Germany have been most affected. Libyan oil is light and low in sulfur and yields the most valuable light products with relatively simple, low cost processing. In the Atlantic Basin, substitutes to Libyan oil exist in Nigeria, the North Sea and elsewhere, but suppliers of these grades of oil often do not have the flexibility to deliver on a short notice. The cost of transportation from Libya to European ports in the Mediterranean is lower than from other potential points of supply. In the Gulf, special blends of Saudi oil have to be made to approximate the quality of Libyan oil. Particularly exposed to loss of Libyan oil are Italy’s ENI and Austria’s OMV; others include Spain’s Repsol-YPF SA, France’s Total, and Germany’s Wintershall. ENI also produces gas which is exported to Italy via pipeline and used in Libya at power plants. BP and Royal Dutch Shell PLC have contracted large blocks in Libya, but their projects are at the stage of exploration."
"The void created by the absence of Libyan oil has contributed to the unusually large divergence of the U.S. benchmark WTI from other benchmark crudes, wreaked havoc on refiners’ margins and caused weaker cash crude differentials. Also missing from markets went Libyan liquefied natural gas (1 million tons per year to European destinations) and ethylene (300,000 tons per year from the Ras Lanuf refinery). A joint project with Tunisia to develop an offshore field had to be put on hold. The overall effect on prices and markets, however, was subdued to marginal, since global and regional oil demand stayed rather flat due to weak economic growth and concerns about unemployment and financial instability."
"Exports are technically possible from the rebel-controlled Arab Gulf Oil Co. (AGOC) via ports in the east, and several cargoes of oil have been exported on behalf of the NTC with the mediation of Qatari companies. Further exports are hampered both by the asset freeze and by low production, which has been falling because of damage to facilities caused by Gaddafi’s regime and the abrupt withdrawal of personnel due to fighting. NTC points out that the unfreezing of assets and the resumption of production and export are very urgent tasks."
The race is on for Libya's oil, with Britain and France both staking a claim
Julian Borger and Terry Macalister Thu 1 Sep 2011 20.55 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/01/libya-oil
"The new Tripoli government has denied the existence of a reported secret deal by which French companies would control more than a third of Libya's oil production in return for Paris's support for the revolution."
"Samuel Ciszuk, a Middle East energy analyst with the consultancy IHS Global Insight, also questioned whether the letter may have been a forgery prepared by the Gaddafi regime to discredit the rebels by suggesting they were prepared to hand over the country's riches to foreign companies."
"He pointed out that it would be highly disruptive – if not impractical – to earmark a particular part of oil production for one country as that would involve breaking contracts signed in the past with other firms."
"Faced with these obstacles, US and European energy companies launched a lobbying blitz targeting the European Union. They formed faux grassroots organizations, plied lawmakers with industry-funded studies, and hosted lavish dinners and conferences for regulators. The website for one industry confab—which, according to Friends of the Earth Europe, featured presentations from Exxon Mobil, Total, and Halliburton—warned that failure to develop shale gas “will have damaging consequences on European energy security and prosperity” and urged European governments to “allow shale gas exploration to advance” so they could “fully understand the scale of the opportunity.”"
"US lobbying shops also jumped into the fray. Covington & Burling, a major Washington firm, hired several former senior EU policymakers—including a top energy official who, according to the New York Times, arrived with a not-yet-public draft of the European Commission’s fracking regulations."
"In June 2013, Covington staffer Jean De Ruyt, a former Belgian diplomat and adviser to the European Commission, hosted an event at the firm’s Brussels office. Executives from Chevron and other oil and gas behemoths attended, as did Kurt Vandenberghe, then one of the commission’s top environmental regulators."
"Goldwyn was also busy promoting fracking overseas—this time on behalf of industry. Between January and October 2012, his firm organized a series of workshops on fracking for officials in Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine, all of them funded by Chevron. The events were closed to the public—when Romanian journalist Vlad Ursulean tried to attend the Romanian gathering, he says Goldwyn personally saw to it that he was escorted out."
"But all of these countries—except Bulgaria, which was in the midst of anti-fracking protests—would later grant Chevron major shale concessions."
"When the government began weighing a fracking ban, it didn’t sit well with Gitenstein (US ambassador), who went on Romanian television and warned that, without fracking, the nation could be stuck paying five times what America does for natural gas. He added that US shale prospectors had “obtained great successes—without consequences for the environment, I dare say.” The proposed moratorium soon died."
"A few weeks later, Chevron was preparing to build its first fracking rig near Pungesti, a tiny farming village in northeastern Romania. According to a memo from the prime minister’s office, a Romanian official met with Chevron executives and an embassy-based US Commerce Department employee to craft a PR strategy for the project."
"The strategy did little to soothe the public’s ire. When Chevron finally did attempt to install the rig in late 2013, residents—including elderly villagers who arrived in horse-drawn carts—blockaded the planned drilling sites. The Romanian Orthodox Church rallied behind them, with one local priest likening Chevron to enemy “invaders.” Soon, anti-fracking protests were cropping up from Poland to the United Kingdom. But Chevron didn’t back down. Along with other American energy firms, it lobbied to insert language in a proposed US-EU trade agreement allowing US companies to haul European governments before international arbitration panels for any actions threatening their investments. Chevron argued this was necessary to protect shareholders against “arbitrary” and “unfair” treatment by local authorities. But environmental groups say it would stymie fracking regulation and point to a $250 million lawsuit Delaware-based Lone Pine Resources has filed against the Canadian province of Quebec for temporarily banning fracking near a key source of drinking water. The case hinges on a similar trade provision."
"Despite the public outcry in Europe, the State Department has stayed the course. Clinton’s successor as secretary of state, John Kerry, views natural gas as a key part of his push against climate change. Under Kerry, State has ramped up investment in its shale gas initiative and is planning to expand it to 30 more countries, from Cambodia to Papua New Guinea."
"Following the Crimea crisis, the Obama administration has also been pressing Eastern European countries to fast-track their fracking initiatives so as to be less dependent on Russia. During an April visit to Ukraine, which has granted concessions to Chevron and Royal Dutch Shell, Vice President Joe Biden announced that the United States would bring in technical experts to speed up its shale gas development. “We stand ready to assist you,” promised Biden, whose son Hunter has since joined the board of a Ukrainian energy company. “Imagine where you’d be today if you were able to tell Russia: ‘Keep your gas.’ It would be a very different world.”"
6. Race on Libyan oil and gas after Gaddafi!
Looking at the Libyan reserves of oil and gas, it should be reminded that Muammar Gaddafi did not give concessions for fracking, but Killary Monster and her gang of bandits aimed to get full access onto all frackable reserves.
Libya’s Oil After Gaddafi
BY BOYKO NITZOV, AUGUST 25, 2011
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/libya-s-oil-after-gaddafi
"One of Gaddafi’s staple claims is that foreigners from the West are colonialists who want to rob the Libyans of their greatest asset, oil. In fact, if the West is after anything in Libya, it is to help the Libyans remove Gaddafi’s dictatorship and regain control over their destiny, including putting an end to the tremendous mismanagement of the petroleum sector and misallocation of the revenues derived from it under Gaddafi’s regime."
"Most foreign oil companies operate in Libya’s upstream sector under contracts known as “Exploration and Production Sharing Agreements” (EPSA), a kind of service contract which has been used in the country since the late 1970s and is in wide use in many other countries around the globe. The most recent version of Libya’s EPSA is known as EPSA-IV."
"EPSA contracts do not convey any ownership rights over oil and gas resources to the foreign operating companies. Rather, they are risk-based term service contracts, under which the foreign company undertakes to finance and carry out at its own risk an exploration program, and eventually develop the resources if a commercial discovery occurs. If no commercially viable oil or gas is found, the exploration cost is borne entirely by the foreign company, the acreage is released and can be offered to another party."
"In case of a commercial discovery, any eventual production is split between the operator and the Libyan side in a pre-determined manner that allows cost to be recovered and some profit to be made. Making a profit is far from certain, as it depends on future oil prices, costs, and geological risks associated with the fields themselves. In EPSA-IV, the Libyan side (represented by the National Oil Company, NOC) takes 80 to 90 percent of the oil and gas production, while the foreign company must recover capital and operating cost and eventually make a profit from the remaining share in production, which is less than 20 percent."
"Under these agreements, the Libyan side carries about 50 percent of the cost, but gets up to 90 percent of production revenues. The Libyan side also has complete control, via the NOC and the Ministry of Finance, over exploration and development plans and budgets (which have to be pre-approved), capital and operational expenditure (which has to be certified to become eligible for reimbursement) and oil exports (for which a quota must be approved and separate loading schedule granted for each cargo)."
"The real issue is not access to Libya’s oil and gas, but how the proceeds from the petroleum business in Libya are used, and who is in control of their allocation. Gaddafi’s regime has a dismal record of wasteful and injurious spending, ranging from the relatively innocuous like investing in white elephant projects, to the dangerous (supplying arms to suspect clients), the sinister (funding of the development and deployment of weapons of mass destruction), and the outright criminal (support, contracting, and direct carrying out of acts of terror)."
"Domestically, petromoney has been used extensively as a tool of divide et impera, by whimsically granting or withdrawing funds to various groups of Libyan society. Internationally, billions upon billions of dollars have been wasted by Gaddafi to purchase the veneer of political support in Africa, the Arab world, and elsewhere. Nepotism and complete lack of transparency were hallmarks of Gaddafi’s funds allocation."
"Ending the Embargo"
"Right now, most of the transactions in Libyan petroleum are impossible due to the blacklisting of NOC and many of its affiliates. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (UNSCR 1973) requests all governments to block NOC’s assets. The United States and the Council of the European Union have accordingly adopted legislation implementing UNSCR 1973. The sanctions do not prohibit trade or introduce an embargo, but make impossible payments to Libyan government-owned counterparts for oil, bunker fuel, port services, and other transactions typically associated with petroleum. Banks refuse export financing and routing of payments."
"The absence of Libyan oil has impacted mostly the European market, which traditionally takes about 90 percent of exports. Italy, France, and Germany have been most affected. Libyan oil is light and low in sulfur and yields the most valuable light products with relatively simple, low cost processing. In the Atlantic Basin, substitutes to Libyan oil exist in Nigeria, the North Sea and elsewhere, but suppliers of these grades of oil often do not have the flexibility to deliver on a short notice. The cost of transportation from Libya to European ports in the Mediterranean is lower than from other potential points of supply. In the Gulf, special blends of Saudi oil have to be made to approximate the quality of Libyan oil. Particularly exposed to loss of Libyan oil are Italy’s ENI and Austria’s OMV; others include Spain’s Repsol-YPF SA, France’s Total, and Germany’s Wintershall. ENI also produces gas which is exported to Italy via pipeline and used in Libya at power plants. BP and Royal Dutch Shell PLC have contracted large blocks in Libya, but their projects are at the stage of exploration."
"The void created by the absence of Libyan oil has contributed to the unusually large divergence of the U.S. benchmark WTI from other benchmark crudes, wreaked havoc on refiners’ margins and caused weaker cash crude differentials. Also missing from markets went Libyan liquefied natural gas (1 million tons per year to European destinations) and ethylene (300,000 tons per year from the Ras Lanuf refinery). A joint project with Tunisia to develop an offshore field had to be put on hold. The overall effect on prices and markets, however, was subdued to marginal, since global and regional oil demand stayed rather flat due to weak economic growth and concerns about unemployment and financial instability."
"Exports are technically possible from the rebel-controlled Arab Gulf Oil Co. (AGOC) via ports in the east, and several cargoes of oil have been exported on behalf of the NTC with the mediation of Qatari companies. Further exports are hampered both by the asset freeze and by low production, which has been falling because of damage to facilities caused by Gaddafi’s regime and the abrupt withdrawal of personnel due to fighting. NTC points out that the unfreezing of assets and the resumption of production and export are very urgent tasks."
The race is on for Libya's oil, with Britain and France both staking a claim
Julian Borger and Terry Macalister Thu 1 Sep 2011 20.55 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/01/libya-oil
"The new Tripoli government has denied the existence of a reported secret deal by which French companies would control more than a third of Libya's oil production in return for Paris's support for the revolution."
"Samuel Ciszuk, a Middle East energy analyst with the consultancy IHS Global Insight, also questioned whether the letter may have been a forgery prepared by the Gaddafi regime to discredit the rebels by suggesting they were prepared to hand over the country's riches to foreign companies."
"He pointed out that it would be highly disruptive – if not impractical – to earmark a particular part of oil production for one country as that would involve breaking contracts signed in the past with other firms."
"Anything that led to further delays in production – and financial income – would not be welcome."
"France's Total was the operator of al-Jurf field in the Mediterranean which has been untouched by war, while ENI of Italy had the most dominant position, producing 273,000 barrels of oil a day."
"ENI is also the operator of the 190-mile (310km) pipeline that can carry 11bn cubic metres of gas annually from the Libyan coast to Sicily. This has been inactive for more than six months."
"BP has no producing assets, but was just about to drill its first exploratory well before the civil war broke out, while Shell has been employed to try to upgrade an ageing liquefied natural gas terminal."
"Chinese and Russian companies also had a significant presence in the country but could face difficulties after being equivocal early on about the rebel plan to unseat Gaddafi."
"Abdeljalil Mayouf, an executive at Libyan rebel oil firm Agoco told Reuters: "We don't have a problem with western countries like the Italians, French and UK companies. But we may have some political issues with Russia, China and Brazil.""
Following and other articles of Alessandro Bacci are very informative and recommendable!
Shall Libya Develop Its Unconventional Gas Reserves? Some Preliminary Considerations http://www.alessandrobacci.com/2013/05/shall-libya-develop-its-unconventional.html
"ISTANBUL, Turkey — On May 23-24, 2013, the International Research Networks (I.R.N.), a leading business intelligence group, organized the 2nd New Libya Oil & Gas Forum 2013. This two-day summit, which was held in Istanbul, Turkey, brought together many stakeholders —with a large participation of members of the National Oil Corporation (N.O.C.) of Libya —interested into the development of the country's energy sector especially after the changes ushered in by the regime change occurred during 2011."
"What, instead, emerged as the most interesting point of the two-day event was the shale gaschapter, which was covered by three speakers: Dr. Daniel Clark-Lowes of Nubian Consulting Ltd.; Dr. Nuri Ben Hmeda, professor at University of Tripoli, Libya and Mustafa Rahooma with the N.O.C."
"It's a matter of fact that we could be at the beginning of the golden age of gas as the I.E.A. underlined in June 2011 with its report "Are We Entering a Golden Age of Gas?". Of the fossil fuels, natural gas will probably be the only one in the future to increase its share within the global energy mix."
Here is another collection of worthy blog articles from 2011.
Natural gas shale play development now going global
Soros-Backed San Leon Says Polish Shale Gas Profits to Beat U.S.
https://mb50.wordpress.com/tag/global-shale-gas-initiative-gsgi/
And some other sources:
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/
Learn more about Libya
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/libya
Libyan Oil—Before and After Moammar Gaddafi
November 2011
http://www.operationspaix.net/DATA/DOCUMENT/6407~v~Libyan_Oil__Before_and_After_Moammar_Gaddafi.pdf
7. Bad Gaddafi Dynasty!
The timing of the so called "Arab Spring" protests was perfect, as Mubarak in Egypt, Ali Abdullah Saleh in Yemen and Gaddafi in Libya were hoping to get imperial support to manifest the power of their clans by placing their own children as their successors. In Syria the ruling class had already placed Bashar Al-Assad in 2000 to take the role of dictating president after the death of Hafez Al-Assad. Neither the USA nor Israel could do anything against that decision.
Muammar Gaddafi Interviewed Just Before Libyan Revolution:
"I have moral influence. I am the leader of the revolution.
And the revolution was the making of the people."
And the revolution was the making of the people."
"The people have the authority and have the authority and what is being said is not said by the people."
Muammar al-Gaddafi attacking the king of Saudi Arabia in the Doha Summit:
"You were created by Britain and you are protected by America!"
"(I am) an international leader, the most veteran of all the Arab leaders,
the king of kings of Africa and the imam of the Muslims."
"(I am) an international leader, the most veteran of all the Arab leaders,
the king of kings of Africa and the imam of the Muslims."
Top 10 Gaddafi insults to the world:
"... one of these days, America may hang us!"
For getting influence in Libya the imperial agents had persuaded the most promising son Saif al-Islam al-Gaddafi by offering him fake friendship and giving him fake academic titles.
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#Personal_life
"Gaddafi was awarded a PhD degree in 2008 from the London School of Economics, where he attended amid a series of contacts between the school and the Libyan political establishment. He presented a thesis on "The role of civil society in the democratisation of global governance institutions: from 'soft power' to collective decision-making?" Examined by Meghnad Desai (London School of Economics) and Anthony McGrew (University of Southampton), among the LSE academics acknowledged in the thesis as directly assisting with it were Nancy Cartwright, David Held and Alex Voorhoeve (the son of former Dutch minister Joris Voorhoeve). Professor Joseph Nyeof Harvard University is also thanked for having read portions of the manuscript and providing advice and direction. Furthermore, allegations abound that Saif's thesis was in many parts ghost-written by consultants from Monitor Group, which earned $3 million per year in fees from Muammar Gaddafi."
"Speaking in Sabha on 20 August 2008, Gaddafi said that he would no longer involve himself in state affairs. He noted that he had previously "intervene due to the absence of institutions", but said that he would no longer do so. He dismissed any potential suggestion that this decision was due to disagreement with his father, saying that they were on good terms. He also called for political reforms within the context of the Jamahiriya system and rejected the notion that he could succeed his father, saying that "this is not a farm to inherit"."
"In 2006, the German newspaper Der Spiegel and the Spanish newspaper La Voz de Galicia reported that Saif al-Islam was romantically linked to Orly Weinerman, an Israeli actress and model, they dated from 2005-2011. At the time, Weinerman publicly denied having any contact whatsoever with Saif al-Islam, but she has since admitted it, and in September 2012, she asked former British Prime MinisterTony Blair to intervene in his trial in order to spare his life."
"In 2009, a party in Montenegro for his 37th birthday included well-known guests such as Oleg Deripaska, Peter Munk and Prince Albert of Monaco."
"In the 2000s, Saif al-Islam was hosted at Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle by the British royal family. In 2011, he referred to former Prime Minister Tony Blair as a personal friend; Blair took an interest in advising Libya on oil revenues and finance. In 2009, he spent a weekend at Waddesdon Manor, home of financier Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, where he was the guest of Lord Mandelson and Nathaniel Philip Rothschild. He later stayed at the Rothschild holiday home in Corfu. Nathaniel Rothschild was a guest at Saif's 37th birthday celebration in Montenegro."
"Saif al-Islam received his PhD from the London School of Economics (LSE) in 2008. Through the Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation (GICDF), Saif pledged a donation of £1.5 million to support the work of the LSE's Centre for the Study of Global Governance on civil society organisations in North Africa. Following the LSE Libya Links affair, the LSE issued a statement indicating that it would cut all financial ties with the country and would accept no further money from the GICDF, having already received and spent the first £300,000 instalment of the donation."
"Critics have charged that Gaddafi plagiarized portions of his doctoral dissertation and pressure was put on the LSE to revoke his degree. The LSE set up a review process to evaluate the plagiarism charges in early 2011. In November 2011, the review panel concluded the PhD should not be revoked."
Saif al Islam admitting his mistakes!
".. now everybody is blaming me. ... You were tolerant, you were nice with everybody, and now you brought all the enemies from abroad to Libya, and this is the result!"
"They have one target! This country is a piece of cake, rich, full of gas, oil and we have more than 100 billion Dollars deposits abroad!"
"Their goal is to control Libya! And the Libyans won't allow them to do that, so the fight will continue."
"So they said, because of you those snakes managed to penetrate our country, and work with foreigners to destroy our country. So we are very angry with you because you are very tolerant. And don't forget, I released all prisoners."
"I was naive!"
Saif Al Islam Khadafi Interview July 2011
Saif al Islam may have been to naive and too tolerant but he is not to blame for the catastrophe which fell on Libya. Even if it came despite all his good intentions, the society of Libya wouldn't be dissolved into chaos, if Muammar Gaddafi did not make the mistake of his life, which was the sacrifice of Libya for his wayward and abusive son Hannibal and his wife Alin. This broke Libya from inside!
It eased European countries to distance themselves from Gaddafi and opened the way for the attack by the USA. Muammar Gaddafi should have punished his own sun and daughter in law who tortured and abused two Libyan citizens or just two human beings. By ignoring this, Muammar Gaddafi lost al trust and support of the people!
All the wise words of Muammar Gaddafi about "serving the people" were ridiculed. He did not only broke the trust abroad but totally disconnected himself from the people of Libya. He sacrificed the honor and dignity of Libyan people for two criminals within his own family.
Hannibal still claims that these were lies of western media!
Let the following documentary explain it from the Swiss perspective.
July 7. 2008, the abuse scandal by Hannibal Gaddafi and his wife Alin unfolded!
8. Conclusion
It eased European countries to distance themselves from Gaddafi and opened the way for the attack by the USA. Muammar Gaddafi should have punished his own sun and daughter in law who tortured and abused two Libyan citizens or just two human beings. By ignoring this, Muammar Gaddafi lost al trust and support of the people!
All the wise words of Muammar Gaddafi about "serving the people" were ridiculed. He did not only broke the trust abroad but totally disconnected himself from the people of Libya. He sacrificed the honor and dignity of Libyan people for two criminals within his own family.
Hannibal still claims that these were lies of western media!
Let the following documentary explain it from the Swiss perspective.
July 7. 2008, the abuse scandal by Hannibal Gaddafi and his wife Alin unfolded!
8. Conclusion
- Killary Clinton selected Libya as an easy to defeat enemy to promote her own future presidency.
- Killary also wanted to secure the Libyan oil and gas resources for US-based corporations.
- Killary found in Goldwyn the right man, as he was already engaged in business with Libya.
- Saif al Islam Gaddafi was tricked to enable the oil and gas business with Libya by British circles.
- The misbehavior of Hannibal and Alin Gaddafi broke all the thin facade of Gaddafi power.
- The protection of Hannibal and Alin by Muammar Gaddafi disclosed his double-standard.
- Muammar Gaddafi should have punished Hannibal and Alin for their abuse of other people!
- The unwise and unfair behavior of Muammar Gaddafi broke all European protection off Libya.
- The promotion of abuse by the Gaddafi clan broke the support inside Libya.
- The Gaddafi clan was endangering the oil and gas business long prepared by US & UK diplomacy.
- Gaddafi was already using the climate geoengineering water but did not want to give the oil and gas concessions to US and British corporations. That required retribution!
- Giving up development of own nuclear industry buried the chances of Libya to conduct Nuclear Fracking of oil, gas and condensates independently.
- Without any nuclear technology, also potential military use was buried and that made Libya more vulnerable for an attack by USA and European powers.
9. Further reading
To understand the vast topic of Geoengineering, please read on:
About key documents:
Scientific explanations:
Evidence:
Questions & Answers:
From there, You will find more connected articles.
No comments:
Post a Comment